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Paediatrics > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of paediatric sepsis?

A 
SIRS + suspected/proven infection 
Fever of hypothermia 
Tachycardia 
Tachypnoea 
Leucocytosis or leucocytopenia
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2
Q

What are the features of severe paediatric sepsis?

A 
Sepsis + mutual organ failure 
ARDS
Septic shock 
2 of the following: 
Renal failure 
Neurological failure 
Haematological failure 
Liver failure
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3
Q

What are the responsible pathogens for sepsis in neonates?

A

Group B streptococci
E coli
Listeria monocytogenes

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4
Q

What are the responsible pathogens for sepsis in children?

A

Strep pneumoniae
Menenigococci
Group A streptococci
Staph aureus

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of paediatric sepsis?

A 
Fever or hypothermia
Cold hands/feet, mottled
Prolonged capillary refill time
Chills/rigors
Limb pain
Vomiting and/or diarrhoea
Muscles weakness
Muscle/joint aches
Skin rash
Diminished urine output
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6
Q

What are the responsible pathogens for meningitis in neonates?

A

Group B streptococci
E coli
Listeria monocytogenes

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7
Q

What are the responsible pathogens for meningitis in children?

A

Strep pneumoniae
Meningococci
H influenza

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of meningitis?

A 
Nuchal rigidity
Headaches, Photophobia
Diminished consciousness
Focal neurological abnormalities
Seizures
In neonates:
Lethargy, Irritability
Bulging fontanelle
‘nappy pain’
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9
Q

How are diagnostic investigations for meningitis?

A 
Bloods (FBC, CRP, Coag factors, blood gas, glucose) 
CSF 
Blood and CSF cultures 
Urine culture, skin biopsy culture 
CT head
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10
Q

What is the treatment for meningitis?

A

Airway, breathing, circulation, glucose
Antibiotics (cephalosporins + amoxicillin in neonates)
Close household contacts

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11
Q

What are the complications of pneumococcal meningitis?

A

Brain damage
Hearing loss
Hydrocephalus

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12
Q

What type of organism is streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Gram positive duplo cocci

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13
Q

How is streptococcus pneumoniae transmitted?

A

Droplet

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14
Q

What kind of pathogen in H influenza type B

A

Gram negative bacteria

Can be encapsulated or unencapsulated

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15
Q

What type of infections does H influenza type B cause?

A

Bacteraemia
Meningitis
Pneumonia
Epiglottitis

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16
Q

Why has the incidence of H influenza and pneumococcal disease dropped?

A

Vaccine introduction

17
Q

What are the symptoms of scarlet fever?

A 
Malaise 
Fever
Tonsilitis 
Exanthema 
Strawberry tongue 
Squamation (hands and feet)
18
Q

What organism causes scarlet fever?

A

Group A beta haemolytic streptococci

19
Q

What are the complications of scarlet fever?

A

Erysipelas, cellulitis, impetigo
Streptococcal toxic shock
Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis

20
Q

What is the treatment for scarlet fever?

A

Penicillin 10 days

21
Q

What are the features of SSSS?

A

Caused by exotoxins of staph aureus
Fever
Widespread redness
Fluid-filled blisters, rupture easily

22
Q

What are the symptoms of Kawaski disease?

A 
Fever for 5 days 
Bilateral conjunctival injection
Changes of the mucous membranes
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Polymorphous rash
Changes of the extremities
Peripheral oedema
Peripheral erythema
Periungual desquamation
23
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease?

A

Vasculitis of medium sized arteries

24
Q

What is the treatment for Kawasaki disease?

A

Immunoglobulins
Aspirin
Other immunosuppressive agents

25
Q

What are the symptoms of varicella zoster virus infections?

A

Mild malaise and fever

Exanthema (papules, vesicles, pustules, crustae)

26
Q

What are the complications of varicella zoster virus infections?

A

Secondary staph/strep infections

Meningoencephalitis, cerebellitis, arthritis

27
Q

What is the treatment for varicella zoster virus infections?

A

Aciclovir

28
Q

What are the features of Herpes simplex virus infections?

A

Stomatitis

Recurrent infections

29
Q

What are the complications of HSV infections?

A

Conjunctivitis
Encephalitis
Systemic neonatal infections
Immunocompromised children

30
Q

What is the treatment for HSV infection?

A

Self limiting

Aciclovir

31
Q

What is the cause of hand foot mouth disease?

A

Enteroviruses; Coxsackie A16 and enterovirus 71

32
Q

What are the symptoms of hand foot mouth disease?

A

Exanthema

Painful lesions

33
Q

What conditions can present with erythematous maculopapulous rashes and fever?

A 
Measles 
Rubella 
Enterovirus 
CMV 
Epstein Barr virus
34
Q

What conditions can present with vesiculobullous rashes and fever?

A

Varicella zoster virus
Herpes simplex virus
Enteroviruses

35
Q

What conditions can present with petechial and purpuric rashes and fever?

A

Rubella (congenital)
Enterovirus
CMV (congenital)

36
Q

What are the warning signs for a more serious varicella zoster virus infections?

A

High fever
New lesions > day 10
Inflammed lesions
General malaise

Paediatrics (20 decks)

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