Child Protection and Non-accidental Injury Flashcards
What are the categories of child abuse?
Physical abuse Sexual abuse Emotional abuse Neglect Fabricated and induced illness
What are the risk factors for child abuse?
Vulnerable children - disabilities, ill child
Vulnerable adults - learning difficulties, unsupported
History of unexplained infant/child death
Parents abused
Parents with unrealistic expectations
Parents with mental health illness or abusing drugs/alcohol
What presentations are classed as alarm bell signs?
Significant injury with no explanation
History inconsistent with injury pattern Multiple explanations
Explanation does not fit with motor development
Injuries in non mobile child
Delayed presentation
Inappropriate parents/carer
Multiple injuries
Repeated attendances and unusual injuries
Where are accidental bruises commonly found?
Knees and shins
What can cause thermal injury?
Cigarette burns
Flame burns
Electrical burns
Hot liquid
Where are contact burns commonly found?
Fingers
Palm of hand
How can you differentiate a cigarette burn from impetigo?
Look for distribution
Look for burnt hair
Where are abusive fractures commonly found?
Ribs
Metatphyseal
Vertebral
What is the differential diagnosis of an abusive fracture?
Accidental injury Normal variant Birth injury Malignancy Metabolic bone disease Osteogenesis imperfecta
What are the signs of abusive head injury?
Fits Respiratory difficulties Sudden death Retinal haemorrhages Neck and cervical spine injury
What are indicators of sexual abuse?
Disclosure
Sexualised behaviour
STI
Pregnancy
