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Paediatrics > Paediatric Dermatology > Flashcards

Paediatric Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is eczema?

A

Itchy, dry inflammatory skin disease

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2
Q

What is the normal gene expression in eczema?

A

Abnormality in filaggrin expression

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3
Q

What is the function of filaggrin?

A

Proteins bind keratin filaments together and help maintain moisture

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4
Q

What is the distribution of eczema?

A

Flexural in older children
Face, neck, hands in infants
Discoid, generalised

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5
Q

What can eczema flares be associated with?

A 
Infections/ viral illness 
Central heating, cold air 
Pets 
Teething 
Stress
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6
Q

What is seborrheoic dermatitis also known as?

A

Cradle cap

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7
Q

Where is seborrheoic dermatitis found?

A

Scalp and face

Flexures- neck, wirst, hands

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8
Q

What is the treatment for seborrheoic dermatitis?

A

Emollients
Antifungal cream and shampoo
Mild topical steroids

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9
Q

What does discoid eczema look like?

A

Scattered annular/circular patches

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10
Q

What are the features of pompholyx eczema?

A

Hand and foot eczema
Vesicles, bullae
Intensely itchy

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11
Q

What is the treatment for pompholyx eczema?

A

High potency steroid

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12
Q

What type of reaction is allergic eczema?

A

Type 4 hypersensitivity

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13
Q

How can allergic eczema be tested for?

A

Patch testing

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14
Q

What can cause irritant eczema?

A

Water, saliva
Soaps, bubble baths
Irritant foods (citrus, tomatoes)
Chemical irritants

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15
Q

When should a food allergy be suspected?

A 
Angioedema, facial rash 
Worsening of eczema 24/48 hours after ingestion 
GI symptoms (vomiting) 
Failure to thrive 
Severe eczema unresponsive to treatment 
Severe generalised itching
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16
Q

What are the most common food allergies?

A 
Milk/diary 
Soy 
Peanuts 
Eggs 
Wheat
17
Q

What are the common airborne allergies?

A

House dust mite
Pet dander
Pollens

18
Q

How can allergies be tested for?

A

Blood test for specific IgE antibodies
Skin prick testing
Dietary restrictions/ eliminations >8 weeks
Alter one food at a time

19
Q

What are the treatment options for eczema?

A 
Emollients (creams or ointments) 
Soap substitutes 
Topical steroids 
Calcineurin inhibitors 
UVB light therapy 
Immunosuppressive medication
20
Q

What is the steroid stepwise approach for eczema flare ups?

A 
Mild -hydrocortisone 
Moderate - eumovate 
Potent - betnovate 
Very potent - dermovate 
Once daily for 7-10 days, then reduce
21
Q

What are the potential adverse effects of topical steroids?

A

Skin thinning with prolonged use

Systemic absorption

22
Q

What is the common bacterial cause of impetigo?

A

Staph aureus

23
Q

What are the symptoms of impetigo?

A

Pustules

Honey-coloured crusted erosions

24
Q

What is the treatment for impetigo?

A 
Topical antibiotic 
Oral antibiotic (flucloxacillin)
25
Q

What causes molluscum contagiosum?

A

Mulluscipox virus

26
Q

What are the symptoms of molluscum contagiosum?

A

Pearly papules

Umbilicated centre

27
Q

What is the common organism that causes viral warts or veruccas?

A

HPV

28
Q

What conditions can cause viral exanthema?

A 
Chicken pox
Measles 
Rubella
Roseola 
Erythema infectiosum (slapped cheek)
29
Q

What are the symptoms of chicken pox?

A

Red papules progress to vesicles, rupture and crust

Itchy and viral symptoms

30
Q

What are the symptoms of parovirus?

A

Viral symptoms
Lace like rash
Red cheeks

31
Q

What virus usually affect the hands, feet and mouth?

A

Enterovirus

Coxsackie virus A16

32
Q

What is the appearance of orofacial granulomatosis?

A

Lip swelling and fissuring

Ulcers and tags, cobblestone appearance

33
Q

What disease is orofacial granulomatosis linked to?

A

Crohn’s disease

34
Q

What are the clinical features of erythema nodosum?

A

Painful, erythematous subcutaneous nodules
Shins
Slow resolution, usually 6-8 weeks

35
Q

What are the causes of erythema nodosum?

A 
Infections - strep, URTI
IBD 
Sarcoidosis 
Drugs - OCP, sulphonamides, penicillin 
Mycobacterial infections 
Idiopathic
36
Q

What disease is dermatitis herpetiformis linked to?

A

Coeliac disease

37
Q

What are the clinical features of dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Itchy blisters in clusters

Scalp, shoulders, buttocks, elbows, knees

38
Q

What is the treatment for dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Emollients
Gluten free diet
Topical steroids
Dapsone

Paediatrics (20 decks)

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