Paediatric Pathologies Flashcards
Signs of resp distress
tachypnoea, grunting, wheezing, chest wall retraction, use of accessory muscles, pallor, cyanosis, abdo protrusion
Signs of hypoxia
INFANTS: lethargy, bradycardia, hypotension, apnoea, pallor
CHILDREN: restlessness, tachypnoea, tacycardia, cyanosis
URTIs signs and symptoms
Runny nose, acute pharyngitis, fever, inflammed cervical lymph nodes
URTIs treatment
symptomatic including paracetamol
Tonsilar Infections signs and symptoms
swelling of tonsils and pharynx
white exudate
treatment of tonsilar infections
should not require antibiotics
gargles, lozenges
paracetamol
Otitis media (inner ear infection) signs and symptoms
fever, deafness and pain in one ear, irritable child, bulging red tympanic membrane
Otitis media treatment
most resolve spontaneously
symptomatic
penicillin if bacterial
Croup pathophysiology
Mucous membranes of larynx adhere tightly to cartilage where sub-epiglottic space is looser - therefore oedema
Cricoid cartilage is narrowest point therefor eoedema is bad
Risk factors of Croup
late autumn and winter
boys
many reoccur
family history
Signs and Symptoms of Croup
after rhinorrhea, sore throat, fever, causes seal-like barking cough
Treatment of Croup in pre-hospital
Nebulised adrenaline reduces oedema and inflammation
Acute Epiglottis signs and symptoms
High fever, sore throat, insp stridor, drooling and dysphagia, severe resp distress, muffled voice, sitting up mouth open chin thrust forward, inflammatory oedema of supraglotic area, death within hours
Croup vs Epiglottitis
Pale and lethargic, barking cough, stridor, slower onset, signs and symptoms of URTI, hypoxic and restless
Septic and flushed, NO cough, rapid onset, exp snore, drooling
Bronchiolitis Pathophysiology
affects epithelial cells of resp tract. swelling of bronchial mucosa, allows air entry but can’t leave therefore overinflation
