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Paediatrics > Paediatric dermatology > Flashcards

Paediatric dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

How does eczema come on?

A

Red, dry itchy skin

Flares and settles quickly

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2
Q

Is there a familial tendency for eczema?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What would you suspect if atopic eczema presents prior to 3 months of age?

A

Cow’s milk protein allergy

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4
Q

What is a barrier defect?

A

Increased permeability of skin to irritants and allergens
Filaggrin mutation/deficiency
E.g. eczema

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5
Q

What is the main stay of eczema management?

A

Topical steroids

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6
Q

What are some other parts of eczema management after topical steroids?

A

Emollient helps with itch

Use non-soap substitute for washing

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7
Q

What area does 1 finger tip unit cover?

A

Surface area of 2 adult hands

About 0.5g

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8
Q

How often do you use topical steroids for eczema on body?

A

Once daily for 1-2 weeks
Reduce to alternate days if improving
Twice per week if persistent

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9
Q

What is the topical steroid ladder from mild, through moderate and potent, to very potent?

A

Hydrocortisone
Eumovate
Betnovate
Dermovate

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10
Q

How often do you use topical steroids for eczema on face?

A

Mild-moderate steroid like eumovate for 3-5 days then repeat if any more flares

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11
Q

Which ointment may be used if steroids are being used regularly, especially on the face?

A

Tacrolimus

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12
Q

What are some immunosuppression options if topical steroids don’t work?

A

Methotrexate
Ciclosporin
Mycofenalate mofetil

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13
Q

Name a steroid sparing agent to use if topical steroids aren’t working?

A

Protopic ointment

Eidel cream

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14
Q

What is dupilomab?

A

Biologic therapy option when topical steroids aren’t working

IL-4 inhibitor

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15
Q

When should you suspect a food allergy?

A

Immediate reaction of lip swelling and face red/itchy

Late onset GI problems, failure to thrive, worsening eczema

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16
Q

What does discoid eczema look like?

A

Scattered circular patches

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17
Q

How is discoid eczema treated?

A

Betnovate

Maybe antibacterial component as well

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18
Q

What is seborrheoic dermatitis?

A

Cradle cap

Proliferation of various species of skin commensal malassezia

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19
Q

How is seborrheoic dermatitis managed?

A

Emollient to loose scale
Daktocort ointment
Protopic ointment

20
Q

What causes impetigo?

A

Staph aureus

21
Q

How is impetigo treated?

A

Topical antibiotic fucidin

Oral flucloxacilin

22
Q

What causes molluscum contagiosum?

A

Molluscipox virus

23
Q

What does molluscum contagiosum look like?

A

Pearly papules

Umbilicated centre

24
Q

How is molluscum contagiosum managed?

A

Self limiting

Clears within 24 months so just reassure

25
Q

Are viral warts self limiting?

A

Yes

26
Q

What causes viral warts?

A

HPV

27
Q

How are viral warts transmitted?

A

Direct skin contact

28
Q

What are viral exanthems?

A

Maculo papular eruption from toxin produced by viral organism
Self limiting

29
Q

What are some common causes of viral exanthems?

A 
Chicken pox
Measles
Rubella
Roseola
Parvovirus B19
30
Q

What causes roseola?

A

Herpes virus 6

31
Q

What causes chicken pox?

A

Varicella zoster

32
Q

What is a rare complication of parvovirus?

A

Aplastic crisis

May cause intrauterine death or hydrops fetalis in pregnant women

33
Q

What is hand foot and mouth?

A

Coxsackie A16
Blisters on the areas
Viral symptoms
Self limiting

34
Q

What does eczema herpeticum look like?

A

Monomorphic punched out lesions

35
Q

How is eczema herpeticum managed?

A

Withold steroids for 24 hours

Aciclovir

36
Q

What does eczema coxsackium look like?

A

Flared sites pick out areas of eczema

37
Q

Is eczema coxsackium managed?

A

Self limiting

38
Q

What has a stuck on appearance?

A

Seborrhoeic keratosis

39
Q

What does orofacial granulomatosis look like?

A

Lip swelling
Oral mucosal lesions
Ulcers and tags
Cobblestone appearance

40
Q

How is orofacial granulomatosis managed?

A

Avoid benzoate and cinnamate

41
Q

What does dermatitis herpetiformis look like?

A

Blisters over knees, buttocks and elbows

42
Q

How is dermatitis herpetiformis managed?

A 
Coeliac screening
Skin biopsy
Emollients
Gluten free diet
Topical steroids
43
Q

What does urticaria look like?

A

Wheals/hives

Angioedema

44
Q

How do we treat urticaria?

A

Remove triggers
Antihistamines
Ranitidine
Ciclosporin

45
Q

What are infantile haemangioma?

A

Very common vascular birth mark

Not present at birth

46
Q

What causes PHACES?

A

Haemangioma

Arterial anomalies

Paediatrics (25 decks)

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