LRTI in children

Question 1

How does tracheitis present?

Answer 1

Fever
Sick child
Staph aureus or strep invasive infection

Question 2

How is tracheitis managed?

Answer 2

Augmentin

Question 3

How does bronchitis present?

Answer 3

Loose rattly cough with URTI
Post-tussive vomit
No wheeze or crepitations
Child very well, parent worried

Question 4

What causes bronchitis?

Answer 4

Pneumococcus or haemophilus

Follows URTI

Question 5

What is the mechanism of bacterial bronchitis?

Answer 5

Disturbed mucociliary clearance

Question 6

What is a more common name for pertussis?

Answer 6

Whooping cough

Question 7

What causes pertussis

Answer 7

Bordetella pertussis

Question 8

How do you treat persistent bacterial bronchitis?

Answer 8

You don’t

Question 9

How is bronchiolitis diagnosed?

Answer 9

Clinical
Nasal stuffiness
Tachypnoea
Poor feeding
Crackles
Maybe wheeze

Question 10

How is bronchiolitis managed?

Answer 10

Maximal observation

Minimal intervention

Question 11

How can we assess severity of bronchiolitis?

Answer 11

Oxygen sats

Question 12

How is non-mild community acquire ammonia treated?

Answer 12

Oral Amoxycillin first line
Oral Macrolide second choice
Only for iv if vomiting

Question 13

What are some benefits of oral antibiotics vs IV?

Answer 13

Shorter hospital stay

Cheaper

Question 14

What is a drawback of Oral antibiotics vs IV?

Answer 14

Fever for a few more hours

Question 15

How is bronchiolitis different from LRTI?

Answer 15

Aged <12 months
Slow onset
Fever is mild if present

Question 16

What is empyaema?

Answer 16

Complication of pneumonia
Extension of infection into pleural space
Chest pain and very unwell

Question 17

How is empyaema managed?

Answer 17

Antibiotics

Drainage