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Paediatrics > Infant feeding > Flashcards

Infant feeding Flashcards

1
Q

What leads the infant phase of growth?

A

Nutrition

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2
Q

What leads the child phase of growth?

A

Growth hormone

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3
Q

What leads the pubertal phase of growth?

A

Sex steroid

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4
Q

What percentage of energy intake in infants goes towards growth demands?

A

About 35%

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5
Q

What are some factors in the importance of good nutrition to infants

A 
Can rapidly become malnourished
Dependent on carer
High demands for growth and maintenance
Low stores of fats and protein
Frequent illness
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6
Q

What is the average weight gain in 0-3 months?

A

200g

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7
Q

What is the average weight gain in 3-6 months?

A

150g

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8
Q

What is the average weight gain in 6-9 months?

A

100g

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9
Q

What is the average weight gain in 9-12 months?

A

50-75g

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10
Q

What are the main nutritional benefits of breast milk?

A 
Well tolerated
Less allergenic
Low renal solute load
Ca:PO4
Iron
LCP FAs
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11
Q

How does breast milk reduce risk of infection?

A

Macrophages and lymphocytes
Interferon, lactoferrin, lysozyme
Bifidus factor

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12
Q

What are some benefits of formula milk?

A 
No transmission of BBV's/drugs
Doesn't need mum
Accurate feed volumes
Vit K
Less jaundice
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13
Q

What are some drawbacks of formula milk?

A

No anti-infection
Risk of contamination
High antigen load
Expensive

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14
Q

What are the main benefits of breast milk?

A 
Near perfect nutrition
Tailor-made passive immunity
Development of infant gut mucosa and active immunity
Reduced infection
Minimal antigen load
Decreased risk of breast cancer
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15
Q

Should you give artificial teats to breastfeeding infants?

A

Advised against

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16
Q

Why should cow’s milk not be main drink until at least 1 year?

A

Contains no iron

17
Q

What is the first line feed choice in cows milk protein allergy?

A

Extensively hydrolysed protein feed
Nutramigen LGG Lipil 1 & 2
Aprtamil pepti 1 and 2

18
Q

What are some second line feeds for cows milk protein allergy?

A

Amino acid based feeds

Alfamino

19
Q

When are amino acid based feeds indicated?

A

Severe colitis
Enteropathy
Breast milk

20
Q

What are some drawbacks of amino acid based feeds?

A

Over prescribed

Expensive

21
Q

What is the order of the milk ladder?

A 
Cookie/biscuit
Muffin
Pancake
Cheese
Yoghurt
Pasteurised milk/suitable formula
22
Q

What is a possible milk feeding knock-on effect of gastro-enteritis?

A

Secondary lactose intolerance

23
Q

Which component of soya milk is a concern for babies <6 months?

A

Phytoestrogens

Disrupt hormone balance

24
Q

When might soya milk be indicated?

A

Milk allergy when hydrolysed formulae refused
Vegan families, if not breast fed
Consider for children >1 year still on milk free diet

25
Q

Which milk is not recommended for children under 5 years?

A

Rice milk

26
Q

Which milks are not recommended for infants <1 year old?

A

Sheep

Goat

27
Q

What are some drawbacks of organic oat and nut milks?

A

Not calcium fortified

28
Q

What is the recommended time frame for complementary feeding and weaning of an exclusive breast milk diet?

A

Not before 17 weeks

Not after 6 months

29
Q

What is neophobia?

A

Normal part of child development
To reject novel or unknown foods in childhood
Associated with maternal neophobia
Increase acceptance by repeatedly offering a variety of foods

30
Q

What are some benefits of introducing solids?

A

Variety of solids provide a source of protein, energy, vitamins, minerals and trace elements
Encourage tongue and jaw movements in preparation for speech and social interaction

31
Q

What are some consequences of poor vitamin D status among Scots?

A

Higher risk of poor musculoskeletal health such as rickets and poor muscle strength
Cannot synthesise Vit D from September to April
Diet is a poor source

32
Q

What is GOR?

A

Effortless passage of gastric contents into oesophagus with or without regurgitation and vomiting

33
Q

What is GORD?

A

When the reflux of gastric contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications

34
Q

What are some options for thickeners to help with GOR?

A 
Infant gaviscon (not antacid
Carobel
35
Q

How is GORD managed?

A 
Medical referral
Require acid suppression
Trial of milk free diet
Continuous NG/jejunal feeds
Consideration of anti reflux surgery
Drug therapy
36
Q

What are some drug therapies for GORD?

A 
Gaviscon liquid
Ranitidine
Omeprazole
Domperidone
Alimemazine
37
Q

What does domperidone do?

A

Pro-kinetic promotes gastric emptying

38
Q

How is colic diagnosed?

A

Exclusion

Inconsolable baby for at least 3 days out of the week, for at least a week

39
Q

What are the laxatives mainly used in childhood?

A

Lactulose for infants

Movicol/laxido for older children

Paediatrics (25 decks)

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