Paediatric biopharmaceutics Flashcards
What are the four factors that influence bioavailability?
Solubility
Dissolution
Permeability
First pass metabolism
In neonates there is an increase in acid secretion. True or false?
False - reduced acid secretion which may increase bioavail of acid labile drugs
What is meant by stomach capacity and how does this differ between children and adults?
The total volume the stomach can expand to and this is much less in neonates than in adults
Saliva flow rate in children is much less than in adults. True or false?
True
Irregular intestinal motility in paediatric patients leads to very variable transit times. True or false?
True
In the colon, transit time in a neonate is between 2-48 hours. True or false?
False - 28-96 hours
GIT is the same length from birth till growth is complete. True or false?
False - increases in length and diameter
Children generally have a smaller liver size and hepatic blood flow per body weight than adults. True or false?
False - have a larger liver size and hepatic blood flow
Relative bioavailability studies are carried out on children. True or false?
False - unethical as it involves a lot of blood sampling
What is PBPK and what is its use in paediatric formulation bridging?
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling - key tool to help predict likely formulation performance
How does PBPK work?
Mechanistically stimulates the processes involved in absorption and PK performance.
What is the age range for a neonate?
0-27 days
How old is an infant?
1-23 months
How old is a child?
2-11 years
What is the age range for an adolescent?
12-18 years
