Pack C 2015 Flashcards
Are the following winds reference to true or magnetic?
- ATIS
- HSI
- METAR
- CDU
- ATIS = Magnetic
- HSI = Magnetic
- METAR = True
- CDU = True
- Variation in Japan is 7 degrees west
When are RVR’s reported?
- Prevailing visibilty is 1500m or less or:
- RVR value 1800m or less
What do the codes N U & D mean in a METAR?
- RVR is reported as average value in past 10 minutes
- If average value in first 5 minutes varies by 100m or more from average in the next 5 minutes then U,D,N are used
- U = Upward
- D = Downward
- N = Change not distinctive
What is the difference between FG & BR?
- Mist (BR) = Visibility is 5000m - 1000m
- FG = Lowest visibilty is less than 1000m except for shallow, patches, partial or vicinity
What does the word AUTO mean in a METAR?
- The weather is automatically observed by the relavant equipment and reported every 10 minutes
What is defined as a strong wind?
- 40 - 50kts?
Define a typhoon?
- Powerful tropical storms produced in low pressure areas of southern oceans near the equator
- Wind velocity near the center greater than 64kts
- Major Typhoon season Japan = August to October
- Factors affecting are the Ogasawara high edge location and jetsream locations
At which point do you accept the crosswind for landing?
- If exceeds the crosswind limit when landing clearance received then you can continue and check it again at 500ft
- If still exceeds crosswind limit at 500ft you must go-around
- If exceeds limit after 500ft it is up to PIC to determine whether safe landing can be made of to go-around
If the destination TAF includes a TEMPO that is below minimum, what are your actions?
- Captain and Flight Dispatcher communicate via flight watch
- Flight can’t continue unless an additional alternate airport is selected
Additional alternate airport is not required if:
- Holding is possible until weather improves or:
- Alternate airport weather better than 1500ft and 5000m for ETA at alternate or:
- Aircraft diverts to original alternate airport
Where are NOTAMS from?
- The Common Aeronautical Data Interchange Network?
Explain the cost index & the difference between Boeing and ANA minimums & maximums?
- Speed which minimizes total cost (time+fuel) for the company
- Reationship between time related inflight costs and fuel costs
- Boeing range 000-999
- ANA range 20-200 (20,40,73,110,150,200)
- 200 = High speeds, best eta, highest fuel burn
- 73 = Optimizes time cost vs fuel for the airline
- 20 = Minimises consumption in all flight phases in ECON
When should you change the cost index from 73?
- Only after takeoff
- Considerable early arrival due to wind effects
- Considerably late arrival due long taxi etc
- Aniticipation of holding by airport curfew and ATC matters
- Freighter uses cost index 20 normally
What are the names of the Japanese islands?
From North to South they are:
- Hokkaido
- Honshu
- Shikoku
- Kyushu
- Okinawa island chain
Explain the typical four weather seasons in Japan? Winter
Winter:
- December to February
- Dominated by high pressure areas of the Siberian continental air mass
- High pressure over Siberia (West) and low pressure over northern pacific (East)
- High west, Low East = Seiko-Toutei
What hazardous weather is typical in Japan?
- Mountain waves
- Typhoons and heavy rain
- Heavy snow
- Strong cross-winds
- Wind shear
- Low level turbulence
- Sea fog
Review AIM-J 11-20
??
Define PCF
- Planned Contingency Fuel is fuel that the company specifies for various routes and airports that cause increased fuel burn, based on statistical results
- Amount is specified in the route manual
- For planning it is calculated at estimated landing weight at destination 1500ft ISA holding rate
Define contingency fuel
- Contingency fuel caters for fuel increase due to variations in wind, temperature, flight level, performance use of anti-ice etc
- Calculated as 5% of burn-off fuel, or 15 minutes holding at destination 1500ft ISA holding rate, whichever is greater
Can PIC change PCF?
- Yes if the PIC and dispatcher agree it is unessesary to load
Can PIC change extra fuel?
- Yes if the PIC and dispatcher agree they can take more or less
If PIC & the dispatcher disagree, what action should you take?
- The safer option shall be adopted
What is the minimum required fuel?
- Burn off fuel
- Contingency fuel
- Aletrnate fuel
- Reserve fuel
Define taxi fuel
- The amount of fuel required from engine start to takeoff
- Normally 10 minutes 47 lbs/m including 4 lbs/m for APU
- Consult FPDM taxi fuel data for flight planning
What is the Air Japan fuel loading standard?
- Burn of fuel
- Contigency fuel
- Alternate fuel
- Reserve fuel
- Taxi fuel
- Planned contigency fuel
- Extra fuel
You are planned to cruise today at FL360, is this the optimum altitude?
???
What is the company standard altitude?
- Optimum altitude
- Best fuel mileage altitude for a given cruising airspeed and weight
- Generally minimises burn off fuel
Define initial cruise altitude
- The altitude closest to optimum altitude at which a rate of climb of 300ft or more and a buffet margin of 1.3g or more exists
What is the endurance?
- If the time spent in the air is of interest and not the distance traveled then one is concerned with endurance
- The maximum endurance of an aircraft (or the time aloft) refers to a flight condition that requires the minimum fuel power
What are the implications of a higher endurance time?
- Increased flight time?
- More exposed to headwinds?
Explain LRC
- Minimizes block fuel
- The speed at which 99% of maximum range fuel mileage can be obtained
- Used as planning cruising speed to alternate airports
- Select FMC LRC
Explain ECON Cruise
- The most economical speed
- Used in normal flight planning
- Select FMC ECON with cost index 73
- 250/290/7.8 and .78/290/250
Explain Max Cruise Speed
- Minimizes block time
- 250/350/.84 and .84/350/250
- 250/330/.83 and .83/330/250 with winglets
What is Vmo?
- 360
- 340 with winglets
What is Mmo?
- .86 Mach
What does FLEX-C mean?
- The Flexible MTOW category relating to the reduced MTOW
- To reduce airway fees when used for shorter distance flights
What is MTCF
- Max tank capacity fuel
Regarding weight & balance, how many manifests are there?
- 5
- 6 inluding the computerised manifest
Can PIC change taxi fuel?
??
If payload is greater than ACL, what are your actions?
- Reduce PCF, EXTRA or TAXI?
- Revise takeoff/landing performance figures to allow higher takeoff/landing weights?
- Find a closer alternate requiring less fuel to be carried?
When do you need to meet the minimum fuel quantity? (Company Vs Air Law)
- The captain shall confirm the FOB approved in the company clearance was loaded when signing the journey/radio log or when fuel loading is finished (Company fuel)
- The amount of FOB must be at or above the minimum required at block out time (Minimum legal fuel)
By what time can you accept LMC?
- Prior to door closing?
Is the C of G envelope an operational limit or a working limit?
- CG operational limit is the aft or forward limit found in AOM chap 1 limitations
- Working CG is the forward or aft CG limit defined in the Weight and balance manifest
- Working CG is more strict and it assures that during any movement of fuel, passengers, cargo, landing gear and flaps that the limit CG will never be exceeded
Why are there two lines for the Aft C of G limit?
- It depends on whether there is more or less than 70,000lbs of fuel on board
- It’s related movement of CG rearward as fuel is burnt when there is more than 70,000 lbs of fuel on board so in the case that there is more than 70,000 lbs on board the aft working imit if brought forward to make sure the aft limit is not eceeded during flight.
Why should we keep the C of G away from the forward/aft limit?
- If the center of gravity of an airplane is too far aft it will become more unstable, if the CG is too far forward then drag will increase due to increased angle of attack
What is the default value for C of G?
- 25%??
Explain fuel limit
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Explain ASD
- The distance required to accelerate with all engines operating, have an engine failure or other event at VEVENT at least one second before V1, recognize the event, reconfigure for stopping and bring the airplane to a stop using maximum wheel braking with the speed brakes extended
- Reverse thrust is not used to determine the accelerate-stop distance
Explain screen height
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Which take-off segment has the highest requirement
- 2nd segment
- 2.4%
- Gear retraction complete to acceleration height
What is 2.4% / 1.2% in fpm?
- Gradient x Groundspeed
- @ 148 kts (V2 143+5 no wind)
- 2.4% = 355 ft/m
- 1.2% = 178 ft/m
Explain a balanced V1
- Where the ASD is equal to the TOD and results in a Balanced V1
- ANA will generally always use a Balanced V1 however in the case that V1 is limited by Vmcg on a slippery runway this will result in an unbalanced V1
Does is always need to be a balanced V1?
- ANA will generally always use a Balanced V1 however in the case that V1 is limited by Vmcg on a slippery runway this will result in an unbalanced V1