PACES - O and G Flashcards

1
Q

What are the differentials for pelvic pain?

A

PID
Ectopic pregnancy
Endometriosis
Ovarian cyst torsion/rupture/haemorrhage

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2
Q

What are the features of PID?

A
BIlateral pelvic pain
Vaginal discharge 
Dyspaeruniae and dysmenorrhoea 
Fever 
Post-coital or intermenstrual bleeding
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3
Q

What are the features of ectopic prenancy?

A

Recent period of amenorrhoea
Unprotected sex - 4-12 weeks gestation
Vaginal spotting
Shoulder tip pain

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4
Q

What are the features of Ovarian cyst torsion/rupture/haemorrhage?

A

Sudden unilateral pain

Fever / vomiting may occur

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5
Q

What are the features of endometriosis?

A

Cyclical pelvic pain
Dysmenorrhoea
Deep dyspaerunia
Menstrual disturbance

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6
Q

What are the differentials for Heavy menstrual bleeding?

A
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding 
Fibroids 
Endometriosis 
PID 
IUD 
Endometrial/cervical polyps
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7
Q

What are the DDx for intermenstrual bleeding?

A

Mid-cycle oestrogen production (around ovulation)
Endometrial/cervical polyps
Ectropion
Endometrial carcinoma (if >45yo)

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8
Q

What are the DDx for post-coital bleeding?

A

Ectropion
Cervical trauma
Cervical polyps
Cervical carcinoma

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9
Q

What are the DDx of post-menopausal bleeding?

A

Endometrial carcinoma
Atrophic vaginitis
cervical/endometrial polyps

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10
Q

What are the gynaecological causes of secondary ammenorrhoea?

A

Pregnancy
PCOS
Menopause/Premature ovarian failure

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11
Q

What are the differentials for subfertility?

A

PCOS
Fallopian tube damage
Endometriosis

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12
Q

What are the features of PCOS?

A

Acne
Hirsuitism
Obesity
Oligo/amenorrhoea

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13
Q

What are the features of menopause?

A

Hot flushes
Mood swings
Lack of Concentration
Memory problems

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14
Q

What are the obstetric causes of abdominal pain?

A

Ectopic
Miscarriage
Braxton Hicks contractions
Labour

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15
Q

What are the gynaecological causes of abdominal pain?

A
Fibroids (red degeneration) 
PID 
Ovarian cyst torsion/rupture/haemorrhage 
Placental abruption 
Pre-eclampsia 
Uterine rupture 
Chorioamnitis 
Fatty liver of pregnancy 
Symphysis pubis dysfunction
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16
Q

What are the DDx for early bleeding in pregnancy?

A

Implantation
Ectopic
Miscarriage

17
Q

What are the DDx for late bleeding in pregnancy?

A

Labour
Placental abruption
Placenta praevia
Vasa praevia

18
Q

What are the features of miscarriage?

A

<24 gestation
Associated with PV bleeding
May pass clots or products of conception

19
Q

What are the features of Labour?

A

> 24 weeks gestation

Painful regular rhythmic contractions

20
Q

What are the features of placental abruption?

A

Antepartum Haemorrhage
Continuous abdominal pain
Uterine contractions

21
Q

What are the features of placenta praevia?

A

Painless bleeding >28 weeks

Sudden profuse intermittent PV bleeding

22
Q

What are the features of vasa praevia?

A

Painless bleeding after rupture of membranes

Fetal bradycardia/death