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Year 6 > Hip examination > Flashcards

Hip examination Flashcards

1
Q

What do you look for when inspecting from the front?

A

Scars
Pelvic tilt
Quadriceps wasting

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2
Q

What can cause lateral pelvic tilt? (3)

A

scoliosis
leg length discrepancy
hip ABductor weakness

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3
Q

What do you look for when inspecting from the side?

A

Lumbar lordosis
Knee flexion
Foot arches

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4
Q

What do you look for when inspecting from behind?

A

Scars

Muscle wasting

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5
Q

What do you look for on gait?

A
  1. Gait cycle
  2. Limping
  3. Turning
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6
Q

What are the 5 stages of the gait cycle?

A
  1. Heel strike
  2. Foot flat
  3. Mid-distance
  4. Heel-off
  5. Toe-off
    (also check arm swing)
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7
Q

What is the difference between a trendelenburg’s and waddling gait?

A

Trendelenburg’s gait = unilateral hip ABductor weakness

Waddling gait = bilateral hip ABductr weakness

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8
Q

If a patient has pain over the greater trochanter what does this suggest?

A

Trochanteric bursitis

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9
Q

How do you measure apparent leg length?

A

Umbilicus to tip of medial malleolus

Xiphisternum to tip of medial malleolus

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10
Q

How do you measure true leg length?

A

ASIS to tip of the medial malleolus

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11
Q

What do you say to the patient to check active hip flexion?

A

Bring your knee as close to your chest as possible

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12
Q

What is the normal ROM of active hip flexion?

A

120 degrees

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13
Q

What do you say to the patient to check active hip extension?

A

Straighten your leg out so that it is flat on the bed

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14
Q

What is the normal ROM of active hip extension?

A

180 degrees

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15
Q

What is the normal ROM in PASSIVE hip flexion?

A

120 degrees

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16
Q

What is the normal ROM in PASSIVE hip internal rotation?

A

40 degrees

17
Q

What is the normal ROM in PASSIVE hip external rotation?

A

45 degrees

18
Q

What is the normal ROM of PASSIVE hip ABduction?

A

45 degrees

19
Q

What is the normal ROM of PASSIVE hip ADduction?

A

30 degrees

20
Q

What is the normal ROM of PASSIVE hip extension?

A

10-20 degrees

21
Q

What are the special tests in hip exam?

A

Thomas’s test

Trendelenburg’s test

22
Q

What does Thomas’s test assess for?

A

Fixed flexion deformity

23
Q

In which patients should Thomas’s test not be performed on and why?

A

Those with hip replacement as it can cause dislocation

24
Q

What does Trendelenburg’s test assess for?

A

Hip abductor weakness (gluteus medius and minimus)

25
Q

What further assessments do you do to complete a hip exam?

A
  1. Neurovascular examination of both lower limbs
  2. Examination of the joints above (lumbar spine)
  3. Examination of the joint below (knee joint)
  4. Further imaging if indicated (X-ray and MRI)

Year 6 (18 decks)

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