PA Flashcards
What are the 6 dimensions of health?
Physical – related to fitness, such as fleibitity, strength, etc
Social – the support and interaction with others in the community
Intellectual – the purpose of and motivation for an individuals optimal level of stimulating activities
Environmental – the balance between work and home life and also between nature and community recourses
Emotional – your attitudes and beliefs towards yourself and also life
Spiritual – do you have a purpose in life? The self in relation to others the community, nature or some higher power
What is the definition of health?
a complete state of physical, mental and social health and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity
State 4 of the risk factors for depression in chronic diseases
Worsening condition Unrelieved pain Dysphasia Functional impairment Treatment and diagnosis
What are the health impacts of extreme events as a result of climate change?
People – death injury illness
Natural environment – damaged food, water and air quality
Built environment – damaged infrastructure, transport buildings
Social consequences – mental health, increased crime, aggression
Who is vulnerable as a result of climate change?
Regional, low SES, elderly, children, homeless, indigenous people, people with disabilities, elderly
What is psychosocial health?
A complex interaction between your intellectual, social, emotional and spiritual health
What factors may influence psychosocial health?
The macro environment – drugs, location, school The family – dysfunctional family Self efficacy – Self esteem – self worth Learned optimism – Learned helplessness – Life span and maturity -
Describe 3 ways social relationships can influence health?
Behaviour – can influence and control behaviour – eg. Good social relationship may increase someones PA levels whereas a bad may lead them to alcohol and drugs
Psychosocial – if you feel loved and cared for it can reduce stress and blood levels
Physiological – can have a positive effect on endocrine functioning, immune and cardiovascular health
Explain how sport and physical activity can be a vehicle for social inclusion and how it contributes to health?
- It can have a positive impact on mental health and wellbeing – by strengthening relationships between one another and giving safe places to exercise
- links children and families to schools, facilities and networks
- partially mediating depressive symptoms
Define Physical activity
any movement that takes place from muscle contraction resulting in energy expenditure
Define mortality
death/death rate
Define morbidity
the way of life/ QOL
Define the different types of prevention
Primary prevention – intiatives aimed at healthy people before any risk factors emerge. Designed to prevent progression to disease
Secondary prevention – aimed at disease risk factors and the early stage of disease with the intention of stopping further progression
Tertiary prevention – action taken to prevent progress to complication of disease
Can you explain what the paffenberger graph shows?
- physically active people have a lower risk of dying from any cause at any age
- younger people have a lower risk of dying from any cause
- lower relative risk for older ages with PA
- older people have a greater benefit from increasing PA
Can you draw the dose response curve? Explain what it means in terms of health and physical activity
People that are inactive have a very high health benefit if they just do low – moderate activity
Going from moderate to high doesn’t have as much of a health benefit
Analysing key finding on Blair et al figure (impacts on fitness on mortality rates)
High active people have a lower overall risk of dying, even people with 2-3 risk factors are only as likely to die as an low active with 0 risk factors
Define the different types of prevention
Primary prevention – the initiatives aimed at healthy people before any risk factors emerge and designed to prevent progression to disease
Secondary prevention – aimed at disease risk factors and the early satges of disease with the intention of stopping further progression
Tertiary prevention – action taken to prevent progression to complications of disease
State the 4 summary findings / trends that is evident from the Australian and western Australian research findings on children and adolescents participation in physical activity/ electronic media use
- Adolescent boys are more active than the girls
- Physical activity declines in adolescence especially in girls
- Universal prevalence in sedentary behaviour
- Hours of Screen use is high
Review key details findings and outcomes from the 2 key studies reviewed how PA time in school impacts academic performance
First – 1950’s in paris with 14 grade 6/7 where they added 13 hours to the school week. Mornings were for academic and afternoon were for PA
They found that equivalent academic scores were achieved, inclass behaviour improved and they missed less schools
Secondly – SHAPE study which was on 519 grade 5 Australian students over 7 schools. 2 groups the control and experimental group = the experimental did 75min of PA a day and the control did 3 x 30 min PA days a week.
Results – both groups achieved equivalent academic scores, the experimental group had better classroom behaviour, and improved endurance
2 year follow up – math and reading had a slight advantage and they had better classroom behaviour
Define reliability and validity
Reliability = accurate and consistent measures Validity = measuring what they are saying they are measuring
List the direct and indirect methods of physical activity
Direct = accelerometer, pedometer, heart rate monitor, calorimetry, boubly labelled water, oxygen uptake during activity
Indirect methods – observations, surveys
What are newells factors in becoming physically active?
Person – motivation, knowledge, beliefs, confidence
Environment – PE instruction, facilities, parent encouragement
Task/skill – solo, group, sport, leisure, work activity
What are the Australian guidelines and focus’ for sedentary behaviour in children and young people 5-17 yrs
- No more than 2 hours of electronic media use for entertainment per day
- Break up long periods of sitting as often as possible
- Use electronic media for positive social interactions
For children and young people (5-17 yrs) what is the focus on PA guidelines
- At least 60min of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day
- Several hours of light physical activity per day
- At least 3 days a week of vigorous physical activity to strengthen muscle to bone
- For Additional benefits replace sedentary behaviour with MVPA while maintaining good sleep
Define physical literacy
Physical literacy is the integration of physical, psychological, social, and cognitive which help us live an active and fulfilling lifestyle
why is physical literacy important
Physical literacy can improve someone’s ability to perform movement skills, improve attitude, and motivations towards physical activity, improve engagement with others as well as improving participation in sports and in the future
What motivators are key for older adults?
person – enjoyment, past exercise experience
social - social health and social support
environment – access, available transport and low costs
what are the major barriers to PA for adults
- Time
- Physical inability/ not good enough
- Not interested or motivated
what principles / strategies underpin health promotion strategies in indigenous communities
- Culturally appropriate messages
- Early intervention
- Sport and swimming pools as health promoting vehicles
what is owatta charter health promotion definition?
is the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and to improve it
what is green & Richards health promotion definition
The combination of educational and environmental supports for action and conditions of living conducive for health
What are the 2 health promotion perspectives?
Individualistic health promotion – Health education focus – knowledge health risks, persuade/motivate lifestyle change
Structural Collectivist approach – Participation of community + legislation + bureaucratic interventions
Eg. Public health policy
What are some examples that fall under the individualistic health promotion?
Health education
Physical education
Campaigns
What are some examples that fall under the structural collectivist approach?
Physical activity and government groups
Policy – min amount of PA in schools
Urban planners and town designers
Describe the stage of changes model – each stage and % of people in that stage
Precontemplation – 34% Contemplation – 35% Preparation – 15% Action – 12% Maintenance & termination 4%
What are 4 criticisms of the behaviour change model
- Exaggerate the ease in which behaviour can be changed
- Evidence of long term success lacking
- Implicit messages of “victim blaming”
- Overly simplistic connection is made between knowledge attitudes and behaviour
- A lot of models focus on the change of behaviour but not the maintenance
Describe maslows hierarchy of needs and how it relates to behaviour
We only move up this hierarchy of needs to self-actualisation but only once our basic needs are met. It starts off at physiological needs such as hunger and then safety then love then esteem then it leads us to self actualisation which is very important for motivation particularly in exercise
Explain the key constructs to self efficacy and the implications for exercise adoption adherence
- Crucial to motivation
- Past experiences/ success can influence
- Social factors can boost – social persuasion
What are the 3 key factors of newells model for health promotion and what is the information that may be found in each factors that may be used to develop physical activity?
Person – motivation, knowledge, confidence, maturation, beliefs
Environment – facilities, PE instructions, parent encouragement
Task/skill – solo, group, sport leisure, work activity
List 3 priority messages for the PATF (physical activity task force
Health – being physically active is a key requirement for good health and for achieving and maintaining healthy body weight
Climate change – by changing just a few short trips from driving to walking you can help the environment
Cost – we need action now as WA simply cannot afford to continue to pay the financial and social costs of physical inactivity
