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Clinical Chemistry > p.27-40 > Flashcards

p.27-40 Flashcards

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1
Q

In the Diseases and Disorders that Associated with Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland, Most pituitary adenomas are _____?

A

Clonal in origin

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2
Q

This means that a single cell with altered growth control and feedback regulation.

A

Pituitary Adenoma

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3
Q

T/F:
In Pituitary Adenoma, it has at least 3 different syndromes caused by defined genetic mutations are known to raise significantly the incidence of pituitary tumor formation.

A

False

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4
Q

What are the types/kinds of Pituitary Adenoma?

A
  1. Prolactinoma
  2. Growth Hormone-secreting Adenoma
  3. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone secreting Pituitary Adenoma (Cushing Syndrome)
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5
Q

It is the most common anterior pituitary disorder caused by prolactin-secreting adenomas.

A

Hyperprolactinemia

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6
Q

These are the results in elevated prolactin levels:

A

Primary hypothyroidism
dopamine-receptor blocking drug therapy

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7
Q

In prolactinomas, they may also cotribute to physiologic hyperprolactinemia and distinguished from the pathogenic ones.

A

Pregnancy and lactation

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8
Q

How many % of pituitary adenomas found in autopsies of the prolactinomas?

A

40%

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9
Q

Most of the patients in prolactinomas had NO SYMPTOMS from _____ & ____ of unrelated causes.

A

microadenomas and died

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10
Q

It gives rise to the syndrome of GIGANTISM or ACROMEGALY depending on whether they develop before or after closure of EPIPHYSES.

A

Growth Hormone-secreting tumors

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11
Q

The clinical findings in gigantism and acromegaly reflect a combination of the insuline-like effects of growth hormone, what does insuline-like promoting?

A

Visceromegaly/ Enlargement of organs w/in the abdomen

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12
Q

The clinical findings in gigantism and acromegaly reflect a combination of the insuline-like effects of growth hormone and the counterregulatory effects, what does counterregulatory effects promoting?

A

Glucose intolerance

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13
Q

secretion of excess cortisol as a result of overproduction of by a pituitary adenoma is the most common cause of what syndrome?

A

Spontaneous Cushing Syndrome

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14
Q

It is the rapid progression of an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma?

A

Nelson Syndrome

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15
Q

It is often observed after _____ ________ to control the symptoms of cortisol excess.

A

Bilateral adrenalectomy

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16
Q

In ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma, with the development of vigorous glucocorticoid substitution, What are the regimens?

A

Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery
radiation therapy

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17
Q

It refers to the loss/decrease of one or more pituitary hormones.

A

Hypopituitarism

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18
Q

It is the syndrome resulting from complete loss of all of the hormones secreted by pituitary gland.

A

Panhypopituitarism

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19
Q

What are the deficiencies that included in Hypopituitarism?

A
  1. Growth Hormone deficiency
  2. ACTH deficiency
  3. Gonadotropin (LH & FSH) deficiencies
  4. TSH deficiency
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20
Q

T/F:
The chemical hallmarks of hypopituitarism is low levels of pituitary hormones.

A

False (biochemical)

21
Q

It is a syndrome of polyuria resulting from the inability to concentrate urine due to lack of vasopressin action and, therefore, increased urine output.

A

Diabetes insipidus

22
Q

diseases in Diabetes insipidus:

A

•Diseases of the CNS (central diabetes insipidus)
•Diseases of the kidney (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
•Pregnancy

23
Q

It is a Diabetes insipidus disease that affects the synthesis/secretion of vasopressin.

A

Diseases of CNS (Central diabetes insipidus)

24
Q

It is a Diabetes insipidus disease that loss the kidney’s ability to respond to circulating vasopressin and incapable in retaining water.

A

Diseases of the Kidney (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)

25
Q

It is a Diabetes insipidus disease that is probable increased metabolic clearance of vasopressin.

A

Pregnancy

26
Q

A transient disease resulting from acute injury with neuronal shock and edema leading to cessation of vasopressin secretion.

A

Central Diabetes insipidus

27
Q

It is the result of a generalized defect in either the V2 class of vasopressin receptors or the aquoparin-2 water channel of the renal collecting ducts

A

Familial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

28
Q

Drug-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus appears to result from sensitivity of the vasopressin receptor to ____,_____, and _____

A

lithium
fluoride
other salts

29
Q

How many % of patients treated with these drugs in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A

12-30%

30
Q

These are common among patient with complications of pregnancy.

A

Diabetes insipidus-like syndromes

31
Q

T/F:
The Diabetes insipidus-like syndromes appears due to excessive vasopressinase release from the placenta into the plasma which selectively degrade vasopressin.

A

True

32
Q

It is due to the secretion or vasopressin in excess of what is appropriate for hyperosmolality or intravascular volume depletion.

A

Syndrome of inappropriate vasopressin secretion (SIADH)

33
Q

What are the growth disorders?

A

Acromegaly
Gigantism
Dwarfism

34
Q

It is caused by pituitary tumor that produced excess Growth Hormone and commonly affect middle-aged adults.

A

Acromegaly

35
Q

In Growth Disorder,. It can result in serious illnesses or premature death.

A

Acromegaly

36
Q

If the disease develops BEFORE a person has stopped growing, it can causes ____ since TOO MUCH GH promotes growth of bones in the body.

A

Gigantism

37
Q

What are the most common symptoms of GH?

A

Enlargement of:
•Hands
•Feet
•Face
•Excessive sweating

38
Q

What are the Primary Treatment for patient with Acromegaly?

A

•Surgery
•Radiotherapy/ Medications

-decreases GH excess

39
Q

It is a serious condition that is nearly always caused by an adenoma, a tumor of the pituitary gland.

A

Gigantism

40
Q

If a pituitary tumor that secretes growth hormone develops after the bone growth plates fuse, the result is?

A

Acromegaly

41
Q

It is also known as Dwarfism/Pituitary dwarfism

A

Growth Hormone deficiency

42
Q

It is a condition caused by INSUFFICIENT AMOUNT of growth hormone in the body.

A

Dwarfism

43
Q

It refers to a normal thyroid function

A

Euthyroidism

44
Q

Where the primary disease of euthyroidism associated?

A

Thyroid

45
Q

Where the secondary disease of euthyroidism associated?

A

Pituitary Gland

46
Q

Where the Tertiary disease of euthyroidism associated?

A

Hypothalamus

47
Q

In Euthyroidism, it is associated with INCREASED THYROID HORMONES OUTPUT

A

toxic goiter

48
Q

In euthyroidism, it is associated with NORMAL HORMONE LEVELS

A

Non-toxic goiter

Clinical Chemistry (9 decks)

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