p.27-40 Flashcards
In the Diseases and Disorders that Associated with Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland, Most pituitary adenomas are _____?
Clonal in origin
This means that a single cell with altered growth control and feedback regulation.
Pituitary Adenoma
T/F:
In Pituitary Adenoma, it has at least 3 different syndromes caused by defined genetic mutations are known to raise significantly the incidence of pituitary tumor formation.
False
What are the types/kinds of Pituitary Adenoma?
- Prolactinoma
- Growth Hormone-secreting Adenoma
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone secreting Pituitary Adenoma (Cushing Syndrome)
It is the most common anterior pituitary disorder caused by prolactin-secreting adenomas.
Hyperprolactinemia
These are the results in elevated prolactin levels:
Primary hypothyroidism
dopamine-receptor blocking drug therapy
In prolactinomas, they may also cotribute to physiologic hyperprolactinemia and distinguished from the pathogenic ones.
Pregnancy and lactation
How many % of pituitary adenomas found in autopsies of the prolactinomas?
40%
Most of the patients in prolactinomas had NO SYMPTOMS from _____ & ____ of unrelated causes.
microadenomas and died
It gives rise to the syndrome of GIGANTISM or ACROMEGALY depending on whether they develop before or after closure of EPIPHYSES.
Growth Hormone-secreting tumors
The clinical findings in gigantism and acromegaly reflect a combination of the insuline-like effects of growth hormone, what does insuline-like promoting?
Visceromegaly/ Enlargement of organs w/in the abdomen
The clinical findings in gigantism and acromegaly reflect a combination of the insuline-like effects of growth hormone and the counterregulatory effects, what does counterregulatory effects promoting?
Glucose intolerance
secretion of excess cortisol as a result of overproduction of by a pituitary adenoma is the most common cause of what syndrome?
Spontaneous Cushing Syndrome
It is the rapid progression of an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma?
Nelson Syndrome
It is often observed after _____ ________ to control the symptoms of cortisol excess.
Bilateral adrenalectomy
In ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma, with the development of vigorous glucocorticoid substitution, What are the regimens?
Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery
radiation therapy
It refers to the loss/decrease of one or more pituitary hormones.
Hypopituitarism
It is the syndrome resulting from complete loss of all of the hormones secreted by pituitary gland.
Panhypopituitarism
What are the deficiencies that included in Hypopituitarism?
- Growth Hormone deficiency
- ACTH deficiency
- Gonadotropin (LH & FSH) deficiencies
- TSH deficiency
T/F:
The chemical hallmarks of hypopituitarism is low levels of pituitary hormones.
False (biochemical)
It is a syndrome of polyuria resulting from the inability to concentrate urine due to lack of vasopressin action and, therefore, increased urine output.
Diabetes insipidus
diseases in Diabetes insipidus:
•Diseases of the CNS (central diabetes insipidus)
•Diseases of the kidney (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
•Pregnancy
It is a Diabetes insipidus disease that affects the synthesis/secretion of vasopressin.
Diseases of CNS (Central diabetes insipidus)
It is a Diabetes insipidus disease that loss the kidney’s ability to respond to circulating vasopressin and incapable in retaining water.
Diseases of the Kidney (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
It is a Diabetes insipidus disease that is probable increased metabolic clearance of vasopressin.
Pregnancy
A transient disease resulting from acute injury with neuronal shock and edema leading to cessation of vasopressin secretion.
Central Diabetes insipidus
It is the result of a generalized defect in either the V2 class of vasopressin receptors or the aquoparin-2 water channel of the renal collecting ducts
Familial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Drug-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus appears to result from sensitivity of the vasopressin receptor to ____,_____, and _____
lithium
fluoride
other salts
How many % of patients treated with these drugs in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
12-30%
These are common among patient with complications of pregnancy.
Diabetes insipidus-like syndromes
T/F:
The Diabetes insipidus-like syndromes appears due to excessive vasopressinase release from the placenta into the plasma which selectively degrade vasopressin.
True
It is due to the secretion or vasopressin in excess of what is appropriate for hyperosmolality or intravascular volume depletion.
Syndrome of inappropriate vasopressin secretion (SIADH)
What are the growth disorders?
Acromegaly
Gigantism
Dwarfism
It is caused by pituitary tumor that produced excess Growth Hormone and commonly affect middle-aged adults.
Acromegaly
In Growth Disorder,. It can result in serious illnesses or premature death.
Acromegaly
If the disease develops BEFORE a person has stopped growing, it can causes ____ since TOO MUCH GH promotes growth of bones in the body.
Gigantism
What are the most common symptoms of GH?
Enlargement of:
•Hands
•Feet
•Face
•Excessive sweating
What are the Primary Treatment for patient with Acromegaly?
•Surgery
•Radiotherapy/ Medications
-decreases GH excess
It is a serious condition that is nearly always caused by an adenoma, a tumor of the pituitary gland.
Gigantism
If a pituitary tumor that secretes growth hormone develops after the bone growth plates fuse, the result is?
Acromegaly
It is also known as Dwarfism/Pituitary dwarfism
Growth Hormone deficiency
It is a condition caused by INSUFFICIENT AMOUNT of growth hormone in the body.
Dwarfism
It refers to a normal thyroid function
Euthyroidism
Where the primary disease of euthyroidism associated?
Thyroid
Where the secondary disease of euthyroidism associated?
Pituitary Gland
Where the Tertiary disease of euthyroidism associated?
Hypothalamus
In Euthyroidism, it is associated with INCREASED THYROID HORMONES OUTPUT
toxic goiter
In euthyroidism, it is associated with NORMAL HORMONE LEVELS
Non-toxic goiter
