P2.3: VASCULAR: ANEURYSM Flashcards
Localized or diffuse enlargement/outpouching of an artery to at least 1.5 times the normal size
ANEURYSM
The most common site is aorta (can occur in arteries and veins)
It is related to destruction of elastin and collagen fibers and increased BP in the area and weakening of the muscular layer of the artery
ANEURYSM
May be a congenital defect in the structure of the muscular wall of affected blood vessels (e.g., the intima of an artery), or arise secondary to trauma, atherosclerosis, or high blood pressure.
The defect results in an abnormal thinning of the arterial or venous wall that makes the wall subsequently susceptible to aneurysm.
ANEURYSM
Classification according to location/region:
Occurs in the part of the aorta that passess through the chest (thorax).
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
ETIOLOGY/RISK FACTORS: - exact cause is unknown; in general, all vascular disease can five rise to aneurysm
- Age
- Gender
- Genetics
- HPN
- Atherosclerosis
- Traumatic injury/infection
- Smoking
ETIOLOGY/RISK FACTORS:
GENDER - Caucasian _____; 10x more often in men 65-74 y/o
Males
ETIOLOGY/RISK FACTORS:
AGE -relatively common in people over _____years of age. Risk indicators for some groups such as Caucasian males begin to increase at age 55. Increase with age (over 60 y/o).
50-70
Classification:
According to location/region
- Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
- Cerebral Aneurysm/Intracranial Aneurysm/Brain Aneurysm
Explain how Atherosclerosis lead to aneurysm
Due to deposition of plaques on the arterial lining
↓
Degeneration, weakening, loss of elasticity
↓
Dilatation of artery
Classification according to location/region:
Occurs in the wall of an artery in the brain
Cerebral Aneurysm/Intracranial Aneurysm/Brain Aneurysm
Classification according to location/region:
Located in the part of the aorta that passess through the abdomen.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
Classification:
According to etiology
Classified according to cause
- Atherosclerotic
- Mycotic
- Hypertensive,
- etc.
According to etiology:
A person with a this kind of aneurysm has an aneurysm that is infected. Most are caused by bacterial infections. This is a very serious infection that results in catastrophic bleeding or severe sepsis if it is not treated
Mycotic
There are two main kinds of mycotic aneurysms:
* Bacterial infection of the arterial wall leads to the formation of an aneurysm
* A pre-existing aneurysm in the wall of an artery becomes infected with bacteria
According to etiology:
The most common type of aneurysm, affecting the abdominal portion of the aorta and other large arteries, particularly with age.
Atherosclerotic
