OPERATIVE PHASES INTRO Flashcards
Branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of diseases, injury and deformity by operation or manipulation
SURGERY
PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS REQUIRING SURGERY:
Wearing off of a surface of membrane or surface of a tissue as a result of:
* Continuous physical irritation
* Infection
* Inflammation/ ulceration
EROSION
PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS REQUIRING SURGERY:
Refers to abnormal growth of tissue that form mass without physiological function within the body which may either be benign or malignant
TUMOR
PHASE OF SURGERY:
Begins when the decision for surgery is made and ends when the patient is transferred to the operating room bed.
PRE-OPERATIVE PHASE
What are the PHASES OF SURGERY?
- PRE-OPERATIVE PHASE
- INTRA- OPERATIVE PHASE
- POST- OPERATIVE PHASE
PHASE OF SURGERY:
Begins when the patient is transferred to the OR table and ends upon admission to the post anesthesia care unit.
INTRA- OPERATIVE PHASE
PHASE OF SURGERY:
Begins when the patient is transferred to PACU or Recovery Room onwards
POST- OPERATIVE PHASE
The branch of medicine dealing with manual and operative procedures for correction of deformities and defects, repair of injuries and diagnosis and cure of certain diseases.
SURGERY
Explain the flow of Phases of Surgery from very beginning to end
- Surgical decision is made
- Patient is transferred to OR bed
- Patient is transferred to PACU/post surgery unit
- Resolution of surgical sequela
Who are responsible for rendering patient’s informed consent?
Physician/Doctor
Nurses are the witness
PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS REQUIRING SURGERY
- PERFORATION
- OBSTRUCTION
- EROSION
- TUMOR
PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS REQUIRING SURGERY:
Impairment of the flow of vital body fluids (tubes, arteries, ventricles, sinuses, ducts)
OBSTRUCTION
Common causes of obstruction:
* Vasoconstriction
* Tumor
* Foreign bodies
* Asphyxia
PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS REQUIRING SURGERY:
Rupture of an organ, artery or bleb (blister)
PERFORATION
COMMON SUFFIXES DESCRIBING SURGICAL PROCEDURES:
- Ectomy
- Orrhaphy
- Ostomy
- Otomy
- Plasty
- Oscopy
- Lysis
SUFFIX DESCRIBING SURGICAL PROCEDURES:
creation of temporary or permanent opening
Ostomy (e.g. tracheostomy)
SUFFIX DESCRIBING SURGICAL PROCEDURES:
repair or reconstruction
Plasty (e.g.etoplasty)
SUFFIX DESCRIBING SURGICAL PROCEDURES:
looking into/to visualize
Oscopy (e.g. esophagoscopy)
SUFFIX DESCRIBING SURGICAL PROCEDURES:
repair or suture of a body part
Orrhaphy (e.g. colporrhaphy)
SUFFIX DESCRIBING SURGICAL PROCEDURES:
cutting into a tissue
Otomy (e.g. rhizotomy)
SUFFIX DESCRIBING SURGICAL PROCEDURES:
to loosen, separate, breakdown
Lysis (e.g.entweolysis)
MAJOR CATEGORIES OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
- Diagnostic
- Exploratory
- Curative
- Palliative
- Restorative (reconstructive)
- Preventive
- Cosmetic improvement
- Ablative
WHAT SURGICAL PROCEDURE IS:
performed to help the physician in determining the cause of the symptom experience of a particular patient (i.e. biopsy)
Diagnostic
WHAT SURGICAL PROCEDURE IS:
performed to estimate the extent of disease and confirm the diagnosis of a particular patient
Exploratory
WHAT SURGICAL PROCEDURE IS:
performed to remove diseased program.
Ablative
WHAT SURGICAL PROCEDURE IS:
performed to remove diseased, damage, or congenitally malformed body organ/ part.
Curative
WHAT SURGICAL PROCEDURE IS:
performed not to cure a patient from a disease but to alleviate signs and symptoms
Palliative
WHAT SURGICAL PROCEDURE IS:
refers to partial or complete restoration of a damaged
organ or body part.
Restorative (reconstructive)
Refer to any procedure that involves entry into the human body usually performed through the use of instruments.
SURGERY
WHAT SURGICAL PROCEDURE IS:
used to remove tissue that does not contain cancerous cells, but may develop into a malignant tumor.
Preventive
WHAT SURGICAL PROCEDURE IS:
performed for aesthetic purposes
Cosmetic improvement
WHAT SURGICAL PROCEDURE IS:
performed to remove diseased program.
Ablative
MAJOR CATEGORIES OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES ACCORDING TO URGENCY
- Emergency (unplanned surgery)
- Imperative/ urgent
- Planned Required Surgery
- Elective
WHAT SURGICAL PROCEDURE ACCORDING TO URGENCY IS:
performed immediately, stat surgery
Emergency (unplanned surgery)
WHAT SURGICAL PROCEDURE ACCORDING TO URGENCY IS:
must be performed within 24-48 hours
Imperative/ urgent
WHAT SURGICAL PROCEDURE ACCORDING TO URGENCY IS:
necessary for the patient’s wellbeing but not urgent
Planned Required Surgery
WHAT SURGICAL PROCEDURE ACCORDING TO URGENCY IS:
performed for patients’ wellbeing
Elective
MAJOR CATEGORIES OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES ACCORDING TO EXTENT
- Minor Surgery
- Major Surgery
WHAT MAJOR CATEGORIES OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES ACCORDING TO EXTENT IS:
Present little risk to life
Generally not prolonged
No-vital organs involved
Leads to few serious complication
Uses local anesthesia
Minor Surgery
(cIRCUMCISSION, DILATATION AND CURRETAGE)
WHAT MAJOR CATEGORIES OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES ACCORDING TO EXTENT IS:
Involves high risk for patients
Prolonged period of time in OR table
Large amount of blood may be lost
Higher risk of post- operative complications
Major Surgery
(APPENDECTOMY, EXPLORATORY LAPAROTOMY, CESARIAN)
FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEGREE OF SURGICAL RISK OF PATIENTS
- Physical and mental condition
- Extent of disease
- Extent of surgical procedure
- Caliber of the professional staff
Under Extent of disease:
related to the severity of the disease
Nature of the disease
Under Extent of disease:
refers to the organ or body parts that is involved
Location
Under Extent of disease:
the longer the duration of the disease, the lower the resistance of the patient, the higher the risk of surgery.
Duration of the disease
WHAT ARE MAJOR EFFECTS OF SURGERY
- Stress response
- Disruption of vascular system
- Lowered defense against infection
- Disruption of organ function
- Body image disturbance
- Lifestyle change
Surgery came from the Greek word “________” which means working by hand.
“kheirurgos”
Father of surgery: Hippocrates
COMMON SUFFIXES DESCRIBING SURGICAL PROCEDURES:
removal of an organ/ gland
Ectomy (e.g. nephrectomy)
