Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MS: NCM 112 > 4. HYPERSENSITIVITY > Flashcards

4. HYPERSENSITIVITY Flashcards

1
Q

Steve Johnson’s Disorder is what type of disorder

A

Hypersensitivity Disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is what type of disorder

A

Autoimmune Disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

state of altered reactivity in which the body reacts with an exaggerated immune response to what is perceived as a foreign substance

A

Hypersensitivy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

programmed to produce one specific antibody. On encountering a specific antigen, they stimulates production of plasma cells, the site of antibody production.

A

B cell, or B lymphocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

assists the B cells in producing antibodie

A

T cell, or T lymphocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

FUNCTION OF ANTIGENS

Two groups:

A
  1. Complete protein antigens
  2. Low-molecular-weight substances.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

secrete substances known as lymphokines that encourage cell growth, promote cell activation, direct the flow of cell activity, destroy target cells, and stimulate the macrophages.

A

T cell, or T lymphocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FUNCTION OF ANTIGENS Two groups:

*such as animal dander, pollen, and horse serum, stimulate a
complete humoral response.

A

Complete protein antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FUNCTION OF ANTIGENS Two groups:

such as medications, function as haptens, binding to tissue or serum proteins to produce a carrier complex that initiates an antibody response.

A

Low-molecular-weight substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of Allergens

A

*Inhalants
*Ingestants
*Contactants
*Self Allergens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Two types of chemical mediators:

A

*Primary
*Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

type of chemical mediators:

are inactive precursors formed or released in response to primary mediators.

A

*Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

type of chemical mediators:

preformed and found in mast cells or basophils

A

*Primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Classification of Hypersensitivity Reactions

A
  • Type I - Immediate Hypersensitivity
  • Type II - Cytotoxic/Cytolytic Hypersensitivity
  • Type III - Immune Complex Disease
  • Type IV - Delayed/Cell Mediated Hypersensitivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Factors that affect the degree of hypersensitivity reactions:

A
  1. Responsiveness of host to allergen
  2. Amount of allergen
  3. Nature of allergen
  4. Timing of exposure to allergen
  5. Site of allergen-immune mediator reaction
  6. Host’s threshold reactivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Classification of Hypersensitivity Reactions

  • An exagerated immune response occurring in persons who have been previously sensitized to the specific antigen
  • Inherited as a dominant trait

Sensitizing dose > Challenging dose > Allergic reaction

A

TYPE I: Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This measures the levels of allergy antibody, or IgE, produced whhen your blood is mixed with a series of allergens in a laboratory

A

Blood Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Classification of Hypersensitivity Reactions

Systemic life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction characterized by edema in many tissues and a fall in blood pressure secondary to vasodilation resulting from the intravascular presence of antigen introduced by injection, insect sting, or absorption across the epithelial surface of the skin or gastrointestinal mucosa.

A

Anaphylactic (Systemic) Reactions

13
Q

Classification of Hypersensitivity Reactions

It occurs when the antigen is confined to a particular site by virtue of exposure.
*i.e allergic rhinitis; food intolernce

A

Atopic (Local) Reactions

14
Q
  • Characterized by symptoms of sneezing, itching and watery discharge from the eyes and nose
  • Typical allergens may include pollens from grasses, weeds and trees; fungal spores; house dust mites; animal dander; feathers.

It is divided into 2 types:
* Perennial type-experience symptoms throughout the year
* Seasonal allergic rhinitis-plagued with intense symptoms in conjunction with periods of high allergen exposure

A

Allergic Rhinitis

15
Q

It stabilizes mast cells and prevents degranulation when administered before expected contact with an allergen

A

Intranasal cromolyn

16
Q

Type II: Cytotoxic/Cytolytic Hypersensitivity Reaction

Clinical Manifestations (Blood transfusion)

A
  • Acute hemolytic
  • Febrile, non-hemolytic
  • Mild allergic
  • Anaphylactic
16
Q

it involves frequent (usually weekly) injections of the offending antigens- stimulate production of high levels of IgG which acts as a blocking antibody by combining with the antigen before it can combine with the cell-bound IgE antibodies.

A

Desensitization

16
Q

Food Intolerance

*In children: ???
*In adults: ???

A
  • milk, eggs, peanuts, soy, fish and shellfish foods
  • peanuts, shellfish, and fish
17
Q
  • Blood test using immunoassay test to detect specific IgE Ab
  • To determine the substances a subject is allergic to.
A

*Radioallergosorbent test (RAST)

17
Q

Type III: Immune Complex Disease

Deposition of immunoglobulins, complement, and fibrinolytic products in blood vessels happens

A

Localized Immune Complex Reactions

Arthus reaction

18
Q

Type II: Cytotoxic/Cytolytic Hypersensitivity Reaction

Medical Management

A
  • Avoidance therapy
  • Immunotherapy
  • Medications
  • Diet
18
Q

Type II: Cytotoxic/Cytolytic Hypersensitivity Reaction

Diagnostic Procedures

A

*Serologic testing
*Urinalysis

18
Q

Characterized by the formation and deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in various tissues which results in complement activation and inflammation

A

Type III: Immune Complex Disease

  • Systemic Immune Complex Disorders: Serum Sickness
  • Localized Immune Complex Reactions: Arthus Reaction
19
Q

______ directly kill the antigen-presenting target cells that can lead to tissue injury by killing infected target cells even if the virus itself has no cytotoxic effects

A

Cytolytic T lymphocytes

20
Q
  • Confined to the skin initiated by re-exposure to an allergen to which a person had previously become sensitized (e.g. cosmetics, hair dyes, metals, topical drugs)
  • The reaction does not become apparent for at least 12 hours and usually more than 24 hours after exposure and may last from days to weeks
A

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

21
Q

Associated with exposure to inhaled organic dusts or related occupational antigens that may lead to chronic lung disease with minimal reversibilit

A

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

E.g. “farmer’s lung”- a condition resulting from exposure to moldy hay

22
Q

Steven Johnsons Syndrome

Risk Factors

A

*Viral infections
*Immunocompromise
*Previous history
*Medications – allopurinol, carbamazepine
*Family history

23
Q

Steven Johnsons Syndrome

Manifestations

A
  • Skin Pain – most common
  • Flu-like symptoms – malaise, fever, headache, Joint pain
  • Rash – red to purple that spreads and form blisters
  • Large blisters - painful sores after bursting
  • Facial swelling and swollen lip
23
Q

Steven Johnsons Syndrome

Diagnosis

A
  • Physical Exam
  • Medical history
  • Biopsy – to confirm the diagnosis
24
Q

Steven Johnsons Syndrome

Nursing Intervention

A
  • Small frequent feeding
  • Give analgesics
  • Provide basic comfort measures
  • Assess coping mechanism
  • Educate about the disease
24
Q

Steven Johnsons Syndrome

Medical Management

A
  • NSAIDS
  • Fluid replacement
  • Topical corticosteroids
  • Antibiotics
  • Eyedrops
  • Mouthwashes
  • Cool moist compresses held against the skin
  • Moisturizer
25
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Risk Factors

A
  • Genetic
  • Hormonal
  • Environmental – sunlight
  • Medications – hydralazine, isoniazi
26
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Clinical Manifestations

A
  • Classical symptoms – fever, weight loss, pleuritis
  • Musculoskeletal – arthritis (common), joint swelling, pain, tenderness
  • Integumentary – butterfly rash
  • Cardiovascular – pericarditis (common)
27
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Diagnosis

A
  • History
  • Physical Examination
28
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

GOAL

A
  • Prevent progressive loss of organ function
  • Reducing likelihood of acute disease
  • Minimize disease-related disabilities
  • Prevention of complications
29
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Pharmacologic Management

A
  • NSAID
  • Corticosteroids – tab/IV
  • Antimalarial drugs
  • Immunosuppressive agents
30
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Nursing Management

A
  • Cover
  • Reduce stress
  • Monitor for infection
  • Refer to dietician

MS: NCM 112 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions