(P2)Hormones Flashcards
Where are hormones produced?
They’re produced in endocrine glands and released into the blood. They then travel around the body until they reach their target organs and cause the target organs to respond
What hormones do the pituitary gland and the pancreas secrete?
Pituitary: TSH, FSH and LH
Pancreas: insulin and glucagon
How is the production of thyroxine (which controls metabolic rate) controlled by negative feedback?
When the concentration of thyroxine in the blood is too low, this stimulates a corrective mechanism
Hypothalamus produces more TRH, which causes the pituitary to produce more TSH. As a result, the thyroid produces more thyroxine
What are some of the effects of adrenaline?
Increases heart rate to increase oxygen flow (faster respiration in muscle cells), constricts some blood vessels to make blood pressure higher, dilates some blood vessels to increase blood flow to muscles
What causes type 1 diabetes and how is it controlled?
Immune system has damaged their pancreatic cells, so they can’t make insulin
Inject insulin to control blood glucose levels
What causes type 2 diabetes and how is it controlled?
Produces insulin but liver and muscle cells have become resistant to it
Control blood glucose levels by eating non-sugary foods, exercise