(p2 B) 21st century english

Question 1

What are the ways we use technology?

Answer 1

-to communicate with people
-to organise our schedules and budgets
-for banking
-execute daily functions (heating)
-creating and distributing media
-making and showcasing art

Question 2

what is the relationship between language and technology?

Answer 2

-technology requires language to be brought into existence
-tech is controlled, instructed and modified by language
-users use language to get the tech to do something

Question 3

what impacts has technology had on the english language?

Answer 3

-ruined the ability to be in the moment
-given us more communication freedom

Question 4

what language changes have happened due to technology?

Answer 4

-abbreviations and acronyms
-new terminology
-words being appropriated to mean something else (troll)
-made conversation more casual
-communication through writing (all caps is shouting)
-rise in multimodal linguistic,visual, gestural and aural

Question 5

who talks about the origins and development of the english language?

Answer 5

John Alego

Question 6

what are the six ways Alego said new words are formed?

Answer 6

-loaning
-composites (combinations of other words)
-innovation
-blending (part from two words and combining them)
-shifts (change their functions or meaning over time)
-shortenings (part of words left out for brevity)

Question 7

what types of shifts are there?

Answer 7

-amelioration: meaning of word become more positive
-pejoration: meaning of word is more negative
-widening: meaning of word broadens

Question 8

what type of shortenings are there?

Answer 8

-clippings: clipped down to shorter forms
-acronyms:letter of each words in a phrase to make a new word
-initialisms (ong)

Question 9

what type of composites are there?

Answer 9

-compounding
-affixation: prefixes and suffixes

Question 10

what are features of web pages?

Answer 10

navigational features
web banner
flash elements
advertisement
multimedia feature
web links
interactive elements

Question 11

what is the history of text speak?

Answer 11

requires multiple presses to get one letter
similar to telegraphs which charged by the word

Question 12

what are features of text messages?

Answer 12

initialisation
reductions,shortenings, omission
reactive token
pictograms
logogram
gramogram
paralinguistic features
capitalisation
emoticons
variation of spelling
punctuation or lack off

Question 13

what is text speak?

Answer 13

david crystal
shortened and informal language
acronyms
abbreviations
omitting vowels

Question 14

what are characters in text?

Answer 14

any sign to represent language
when people need to reduce number of characters
-telegrams
-sms
-tweets

Question 15

how does text speak form our identity?

Answer 15

form social bonds
sense of belonging

Question 16

what are gramograms?

Answer 16

a letteral word
word is phonetically similar to a letter
cu

Question 17

what is a logogram?

Answer 17

<3
written sign or character

Question 18

what are client based emails?

Answer 18

used by business users
email downloaded from a server to an application
microsoft outlook
internet server provide an email account, password, mailbox
broadband connection always on and flat rate subscription

Question 19

what is web mail?

Answer 19

usually free
users sign up to services
gmail yahoo
given username ,password, personal mailbox

Question 20

what is the structure of an email?

Answer 20

intro
body
closing
attachments

Question 21

what are important email terms?

Answer 21

to
from
cc (carbon copy)
bcc (blind carbon copy)
subject

Question 22

what is the importance of email?

Answer 22

faster
cheaper
written record

Question 23

benefits of using email?

Answer 23

fast
24hours a day
sent from any computer
cheap
can be sent to on or several people

Question 24

constraints of using email?

Answer 24

access to internet
viruses
phishing
no guarantee they will respond
spam

Question 25

what are synchronous messages?

Answer 25

client waits for the server to respond to a message
messages able to flow in both directions
sender won’t send another till gets a reply

Question 26

what are asynchronous messages?

Answer 26

client doesn’t wait for a message
event triggers message form a server
one way communication

Question 27

advantages of asynchronous messaging?

Answer 27

flexible
higher availability
less pressure for immediate response
if one system down doesn’t impact others

Question 28

advantages of asynchronous messaging?

Answer 28

flexible
higher availability
less pressure for immediate response
if one system down doesn’t impact others

Question 29

drawback of asynchronous messages?

Answer 29

lack a sense of immediacy

Question 30

examples of synchronous messages?

Answer 30

phone calls
normal discourse
teams
zoom

Question 31

examples of synchronous messages?

Answer 31

phone calls
normal discourse
teams
zoom

Question 32

examples of asynchronous messages?

Answer 32

email
instagram
tiktok
youtube

Question 33

what does chat language look like?

Answer 33

hybrid conversational medium
spoken language
turn taking
adjacency pairs
IRF
threads

Question 34

what do online conversations often include?

Answer 34

-short utterances
-elliptical, grammatically simple utterances
-typographical errors
-omitted punctuation
-lexical truncation

Question 35

what is chatiquette?

Answer 35

-basic rules of online communication
-created to avoid misunderstanding
-basic courtesy

Question 36

what are conventions of Twitter/X

Answer 36

-real-time info sharing network
-45% of users 18-24
-mobile centric
-share tweets or broadcasts to global/ personal audience
-hashtags indicate what is trending
-280 characters or less