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GCSE Physics AQA > P13 - Electromagnetic Waves 2️⃣✅ > Flashcards

P13 - Electromagnetic Waves 2️⃣✅ Flashcards

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1
Q

What are carrier waves?

A

Waves used to carry any type of signal

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2
Q

What is a contrast medium?

A

Am X-ray absorbing substance used to fill a body organ so the organ can be seen on a radiograph (X-ray)

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3
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

The continuous spectrum of electromagnetic waves

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4
Q

What is ionisation?

A

Any process in which atoms become charged

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5
Q

What are microwaves?

A

Electromagnetic waves between infared radiationa dn radio waves in the electromagnetic spectrum

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6
Q

What is optical fibre?

A

Thin glass fibre used to transmit light signals

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7
Q

What is radiation dose?

A

The ammount of ionising radiation a person recieves

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8
Q

What are radio waves?

A

Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths greater than 0.10m

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9
Q

What is ultraviolet radiation (UV)?

A

Electromagnetic waves between visivble light and X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum

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10
Q

What is wave speed?

A

The distance travelled per second by a wave crest or trough

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11
Q

What is white light?

A

Light than includes all the colours of the spectrum

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12
Q

What is absorption?

A

The transfer of energy from teh wave to the medium - when something goes in but doesnt come out

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13
Q

What is transmission?

A

When something enters another mediunm and still comes out the other side - it isnt absorbed

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14
Q

What waves have ionising power on the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

UV, X-rays & Gamma rays have the ability to knock off electrons from atoms which can be dangerous in your cells, specifically DNA

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15
Q

Frequency of waves ________________ the electromagentic spectrum

A

increase up

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16
Q

Wavelength of waves ________________ the electromagnetic spectrum

A

decrease up

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17
Q

What is the equation for wavespeed?

A

V = f x λ
wavespeed = frequency x wavelength

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18
Q

What are the 4 ways heat is transferred?

A
  • Coduction
  • Convection
  • Radiation
  • Evapouration
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19
Q

What is black body radiation?

A

Black bodies are perfect absorbers & emitters of radiation thereofore black bodies neither relfect or transmit & all wavelengths are absorbed

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20
Q

What is the ionosphere?

A

A layer of ions in our atmosphere. Radiowaves are reflected by the ionosphere

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21
Q

What colour has the largest wavelength?

A

Red

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22
Q

What colour has the smallest wavelength?

A

Violet

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23
Q

What colour has the lowest frequency?

A

Red

24
Q

What colour has the highest frequency?

A

Violet

25
Q

What things can be transported by an optical fibre?

A

light or infared waves

26
Q

What is a full-duplex system?

A

A method of transmitting data in both directions simultaneously, over separate communication lines - allowing 1 person to speak whilst also hearing the other person at the same time

27
Q

What is a half-duplex system?

A

Where signals/ data can be both sent and recieived but not both at the same time

28
Q

What is an example of a device that uses full-duplex systems?

A

A mobile phone

29
Q

What is an example of a device that uses half-duplex systems?

A

A walkie-talkie

30
Q

How do optical fibres work?

A

The rays are internally reflected all the way along, inside, the glass tube

31
Q

As no light escapes optical fibres, does that mean they go on forever?

A

No, as they are made up of glass and glass absorbs a small ammount of light every time it hits it, the signal would eventually run out

32
Q

How does a radio station actually work? Put these tabs into the correct order

A
  • 5
  • 3
  • 2
  • 4
  • 1
33
Q

What is radiotherapy?

A

A type of cancer treatment that uses beams of intense energy to kill cancer cells

34
Q

What are medical tracers?

A

Radioactive sources that emitt gamma rays that easily pass through the body to a detector outside the body

35
Q

Why do medical tracers have to have a short half life?

A

So it ‘traces’ and does its job and then dies so it causes minimal damage to your body cells

36
Q

What is dose?

A

The ammount of damage that would be caused by the absorption of 1 joule of energy in each kg of body mass

37
Q

What are the units to measure radiation dose?

A

Sieverts, Sv

38
Q

What is a dosimeter?

A

A machine that measures the dosage of radiation

39
Q

What is a CT scan?

A

A medical imaging technique that is used to obtain detailed images of the body.

40
Q

What does CT scan stand for?

A

Computed Tomography Scan

41
Q

How do X-rays work?

A
  • X-rays are fired at the limb/ object that is ontop of photographic film
  • X-rays pass through soft tissue, therefore hitting the photographic film, turining it black
  • X-rays are absorbed by teeth, bones and metal objects, therefore not reaching the photographic film, leaving it white
42
Q

How does photographic film work?

A
  • When hit by an X-ray it turns black
  • When not hit by X-ray it remains white
43
Q

What does a contrast medium allow X-rays to do?

A

View soft tissue

44
Q

How do contrast mediums work?

A

Contrast medium are digestible substances that absorb X-rays more easily - therefore leaving the organ the contrast medium is inside white on photographic film as no X-rays passed through it and reached the film, they were absorbed, leavining the once black soft tissue/ organ white on an X-ray

45
Q

What do doctors use X-rays for?

A

Commonly for viewing breaks or fractures in bones & sometmes teeth. Can sometimes be used to view soft tissue & organs when used along side a contrast medium

46
Q

What do doctors use CT scans for?

A

Diagnose tumours, investigate internal bleeding or to check for other internal damage

47
Q

What is the mneumonic to remeber the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

R aging
M artians
I nvade
V enus
U sing
X -ray
G uns

48
Q

Using the mneumonic for the electromagnetic spectrum, list the electromagnetic spectrum in order.

A
  1. Radio waves
  2. Microwaves
  3. Infared
  4. Visible
  5. Ultraviolet
  6. X-ray
  7. Gamma
49
Q

What is one hazard of exposure to UV light?

A
  • skin cancer
50
Q

What is the range of wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum?

A
51
Q

What type of camera uses infared radiation to form images?

A

A thermal imaging camera

52
Q

What 2 types of electromagnetic waves are used when cooking food?

A

Microwaves (microwave oven) and infared to heat things up

53
Q

What type of scan would a pregnant woman have and why?

A

Ultrasound because they use sound waves and are not ionising like x-rays

54
Q

What is a Charge Coupled Device (CCD)?

A

A charged coupled device (CCD) absorbs infrared radiation to produce an image. Each pixel in the CCD detects the infrared radiation and the data can be processed using a computer.

55
Q

What are uses for each type of electromagnetic radiation?

A

GCSE Physics AQA (19 decks)

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