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GCSE Physics AQA > P12 - Wave Properties 2️⃣✅ > Flashcards

P12 - Wave Properties 2️⃣✅ Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a wave?

A

Something that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter

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2
Q

What is an oscillation?

A

Vibrations - things moving back and forth in a fixed position

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3
Q

What is a medium?

A

A substance in which a wave is travelling through e.g. gas, liquid, solid

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4
Q

What are longitudinal waves?

A

Waves where its oscillations are parallel to the direction in which the wave transfers energy

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5
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

Waves where its oscillations are perpendicular to the direction in which the wave transfers energy

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6
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The distance along a wave from one place on one wave to the same place on another

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7
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The distance from the middle of the wave to the trough or peak

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8
Q

What are mechanical waves?

A

Waves that travel through a substance (medium)

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9
Q

What are electromagnetic waves?

A

Waves that travel through a vacuum and therefore no medium is required

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10
Q

Give some examples of mechanical waves

A

water waves, seismic waves, sound waves (use particles)

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11
Q

Give some examples of longitudinal waves

A

Sound waves, seismic P waves

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12
Q

Give some examples of transverse waves

A

electromagnetic waves, seismic S waves, water waves

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13
Q

What is the time period?

A

The time taken for a wave to pass a point

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14
Q

What is time period measured in?

A

Seconds

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15
Q

What is frequency?

A

The number of waves per second

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16
Q

What is the unit of frequency?

A

Hertz, Hz

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17
Q

How many Hz are in a MHz?

A

1 Million

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18
Q

How do you get from MHz to Hz?

A

x 1000000

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19
Q

What is the equation that link wave speed, frequency and wavelength?

A

wave speed = frequency x wavelength
v = f x λ
m/s Hz m

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20
Q

What is a reflection?

A

The change of direction of a light ray or wave at a boundary when the ray/ wave stays in the medium

21
Q

What is a refraction?

A

A change of direction of a wave caused by a change in speed of a wave when it enters a new medium

22
Q

What are the 3 things waves can do when they meet a medium?

A

Be absorbed, reflect or transmit (travel through)

23
Q

What is pitch?

A

How high the note is e.g. how high the frequency is

24
Q

What is loudness?

A

An everyday word to reference the amplitude of a sound wave

25
Q

How do you work out a question asking you to work out the depth of the ocean using a sound wave?

A

You would do d = s x t with your given values and then divide it by two because the depth (distance) would be one stretch of the wave not 2 (the wave would have gone down and hit the bottom (1) and then come back up (2) so we divide by two to get the initial value & depth (1).

26
Q

What is an ultrasound?

A

Vibrations at a higher frequency than the human ear can detect.

27
Q

Why are ultrasounds used when monitoring babes opposed to x-rays?

A

Because x-rays give off ionising radiation which can be damaging to a developing foetus so they arent used. Ultrasounds do not give off ionising radiation so are much safer to use.

28
Q

List 4 qualities of a P wave

A

they travel the fastest
they are called the primary wave as they arrive first
they are longitudinal so travel parallel
they can pass through any state/ medium without difficulty

29
Q

List 4 qualities of an S wave

A

they are slower than P waves
they are called secondary waves as they arrive second
they are transverse waves so travel perpendicular
they need a ridged material to propagate through

30
Q

Why cant S waves travel through the outer core?

A

Because its a liquid and S waves require a ridged material to propagate through (a solid) so a liquid wont work

31
Q

Name the 4 main layers of the Earth and give their states

A

Crust - solid
Mantle - solid
Outer core - liquid
Inner core - Solid

32
Q

Label the layers of the earth and each layers state

A
33
Q

What wave type does this example correlate to?

A

Transverse waves are often demonstrated by moving a rope rapidly up and down. (oscilations perpendicular)

34
Q

What wave type does this example correlate to?

A

Longitudinal waves are often demonstrated by pushing and pulling a stretched slinky spring. (oscilations parallel)

35
Q

What type of wave is this?

A

Longituidnal (oscilations parallel) - the waves oscillate through a series of compressions and refractions

36
Q

Where is the wavelength on this wave?

A
37
Q

Where are the compressions on this wave?

A
38
Q

What type of wave is this?

A

Transverse - oscilations go up and down (perpendicular)

39
Q

Where is the amplitude on this wave?

A
40
Q

Where is the wavelength on this wave?

A
41
Q

What is the range of normal human hearing?

A

20Hz to 20000Hz

42
Q

The closer packed particles are the ________ sound travels

A

The closer packed particles are the faster sound travels

43
Q

Sound requires ____________ in order to transmit waves

A

Sound requires particles in order to transmit waves

44
Q

Wavelength gets ________ as sound speeds up in ____________ density materials

A

Wavelength gets longer as sound speeds up in high density materials

45
Q

Frequency of sound waves ________________

A

Frequency of sound waves always remians the same

46
Q

Wavelength gets ____________ as sound slows down in ________ density materials

A

Wavelength gets shorter as sound slows down in low density materials

47
Q

How do human ears work?

A
  1. Sound waves go down ear canal and hit ear drum
  2. They then cause the ear drum to vibrate
  3. Which sends vibrations along tiny bones and through semi-circular canals until it reaches cochlea
  4. cochlea converts vibrations into electrical signals which are sent down auditory neve to brain where it inteprets them as sounds
48
Q

What is a signal generator?

A

A device used to change the frequency of vibrations across a wave/ string

GCSE Physics AQA (19 decks)

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