P12 - Wave Properties 2️⃣✅

Question 1

What is a wave?

Answer 1

Something that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter

Question 2

What is an oscillation?

Answer 2

Vibrations - things moving back and forth in a fixed position

Question 3

What is a medium?

Answer 3

A substance in which a wave is travelling through e.g. gas, liquid, solid

Question 4

What are longitudinal waves?

Answer 4

Waves where its oscillations are parallel to the direction in which the wave transfers energy

Question 5

What are transverse waves?

Answer 5

Waves where its oscillations are perpendicular to the direction in which the wave transfers energy

Question 6

What is wavelength?

Answer 6

The distance along a wave from one place on one wave to the same place on another

Question 7

What is amplitude?

Answer 7

The distance from the middle of the wave to the trough or peak

Question 8

What are mechanical waves?

Answer 8

Waves that travel through a substance (medium)

Question 9

What are electromagnetic waves?

Answer 9

Waves that travel through a vacuum and therefore no medium is required

Question 10

Give some examples of mechanical waves

Answer 10

water waves, seismic waves, sound waves (use particles)

Question 11

Give some examples of longitudinal waves

Answer 11

Sound waves, seismic P waves

Question 12

Give some examples of transverse waves

Answer 12

electromagnetic waves, seismic S waves, water waves

Question 13

What is the time period?

Answer 13

The time taken for a wave to pass a point

Question 14

What is time period measured in?

Answer 14

Seconds

Question 15

What is frequency?

Answer 15

The number of waves per second

Question 16

What is the unit of frequency?

Answer 16

Hertz, Hz

Question 17

How many Hz are in a MHz?

Answer 17

1 Million

Question 18

How do you get from MHz to Hz?

Answer 18

x 1000000

Question 19

What is the equation that link wave speed, frequency and wavelength?

Answer 19

wave speed = frequency x wavelength
v = f x λ
m/s Hz m

Question 20

What is a reflection?

Answer 20

The change of direction of a light ray or wave at a boundary when the ray/ wave stays in the medium

Question 21

What is a refraction?

Answer 21

A change of direction of a wave caused by a change in speed of a wave when it enters a new medium

Question 22

What are the 3 things waves can do when they meet a medium?

Answer 22

Be absorbed, reflect or transmit (travel through)

Question 23

What is pitch?

Answer 23

How high the note is e.g. how high the frequency is

Question 24

What is loudness?

Answer 24

An everyday word to reference the amplitude of a sound wave

Question 25

How do you work out a question asking you to work out the depth of the ocean using a sound wave?

Answer 25

You would do d = s x t with your given values and then divide it by two because the depth (distance) would be one stretch of the wave not 2 (the wave would have gone down and hit the bottom (1) and then come back up (2) so we divide by two to get the initial value & depth (1).

Question 26

What is an ultrasound?

Answer 26

Vibrations at a higher frequency than the human ear can detect.

Question 27

Why are ultrasounds used when monitoring babes opposed to x-rays?

Answer 27

Because x-rays give off ionising radiation which can be damaging to a developing foetus so they arent used. Ultrasounds do not give off ionising radiation so are much safer to use.

Question 28

List 4 qualities of a P wave

Answer 28

they travel the fastest they are called the primary wave as they arrive first they are longitudinal so travel parallel they can pass through any state/ medium without difficulty

Question 29

List 4 qualities of an S wave

Answer 29

they are slower than P waves they are called secondary waves as they arrive second they are transverse waves so travel perpendicular they need a ridged material to propagate through

Question 30

Why cant S waves travel through the outer core?

Answer 30

Because its a liquid and S waves require a ridged material to propagate through (a solid) so a liquid wont work

Question 31

Name the 4 main layers of the Earth and give their states

Answer 31

Crust - solid Mantle - solid Outer core - liquid Inner core - Solid

Question 32

Label the layers of the earth and each layers state

Answer 32

Question 33

What wave type does this example correlate to?

Answer 33

Transverse waves are often demonstrated by moving a rope rapidly up and down. (oscilations perpendicular)

Question 34

What wave type does this example correlate to?

Answer 34

Longitudinal waves are often demonstrated by pushing and pulling a stretched slinky spring. (oscilations parallel)

Question 35

What type of wave is this?

Answer 35

Longituidnal (oscilations parallel) - the waves oscillate through a series of compressions and refractions

Question 36

Where is the wavelength on this wave?

Answer 36

Question 37

Where are the compressions on this wave?

Answer 37

Question 38

What type of wave is this?

Answer 38

Transverse - oscilations go up and down (perpendicular)

Question 39

Where is the amplitude on this wave?

Answer 39

Question 40

Where is the wavelength on this wave?

Answer 40

Question 41

What is the range of normal human hearing?

Answer 41

20Hz to 20000Hz

Question 42

The closer packed particles are the ________ sound travels

Answer 42

The closer packed particles are the faster sound travels

Question 43

Sound requires ____________ in order to transmit waves

Answer 43

Sound requires particles in order to transmit waves

Question 44

Wavelength gets ________ as sound speeds up in ____________ density materials

Answer 44

Wavelength gets longer as sound speeds up in high density materials

Question 45

Frequency of sound waves ________________

Answer 45

Frequency of sound waves always remians the same

Question 46

Wavelength gets ____________ as sound slows down in ________ density materials

Answer 46

Wavelength gets shorter as sound slows down in low density materials

Question 47

How do human ears work?

Answer 47

1. Sound waves go down ear canal and hit ear drum 2. They then cause the ear drum to vibrate 3. Which sends vibrations along tiny bones and through semi-circular canals until it reaches cochlea 4. cochlea converts vibrations into electrical signals which are sent down auditory neve to brain where it inteprets them as sounds

Question 48

What is a signal generator?

Answer 48

A device used to change the frequency of vibrations across a wave/ string