P1- Required Practicals Flashcards
1) Specific Heat Capacity
1.Measure and record mass of the copper block
2. Place heater in larger hole in the block. Connect ammeter,
power pack and heater in series
3. Connect voltmeter across power pack
4. Put a bit of water in other hole using pipette
5. Put thermometer in this hole.
6. Switch power pack to 12 V and switch on
7. Record ammeter and voltmeter readings
8. Measure temperature and switch on stop clock
9. Record temperature every minute for 10 mins. Your results
table will need three columns
10. Plot graph of temp against work done
11. Calculate gradient of straight part of graph
12. Heat capacity of the block is 1/gradient
13. Specific heat capacity is heat capacity/ mass of the block
14. Repeat experiment for aluminium and iron blocks
2a) Thermal Insulation (Testing different types of materials)
- Boil water, put 80 ml of this into a 100 ml beaker
- Place a small 100 ml beaker inside the large beaker
- Use cardboard, with a hole for the thermometer, as a lid for the large beaker
- Insert thermometer through hole in the cardboard lid so that its bulb is in the hot water.
- Record temp of the water and start stopwatch
- Record temp of the water every 5 mins for 20 mins
- Repeat 1-6, but this time fill the space between small and large beaker with an insulating material
- Draw graphs plotting temp against time for each insulator
- From this, determine which material is the best insulator
- Record results in a table
- Plot a cooling curve for each type of material used
2b) Thermal Insulation (Testing different thicknesses of insulator)
1) Wrap 5 beakers in varying thicknesses of one insulating material e.g newspaper
2) Fill each beaker with warm water, record initial temperature, cover each beaker with paper lids
3) Repeat experiment, measuring temp every 3 mins
4) Record results and calculate change in temperature for each beaker
3) Resistance (Resistance of a wire)
- Connect circuit
- Connect a lead from red socket to + side of the ammeter
- Connect a lead from - side of the ammeter to the croc clip
at zero end of the ruler - Connect a lead from other croc clip to - side of the battery. The main loop of the circuit is now complete
- Connect a lead from + side of voltmeter to the croc clip the ammeter is connected to
- Connect a lead from the negative side of the voltmeter to the other crocodile clip
- Move croc clip and record new ammeter and voltmeter reading
- Calculate and record the resistance for each length of wire using: resistance in Ω = voltage/ current
- Plot a graph of resistance in Ω against length
4a) I-V Characteristics (characteristics of a resistor)
- Connect the circuit
- Connect a lead from red socket to + side of ammeter
- Connect a lead from - side of ammeter to 1 side of the resistor
- Connect a lead from other side of resistor to variable resistor
- Connect a lead from other side of variable resistor to - side of battery. Main loop of the circuit is now complete.
- Connect a lead from + side of voltmeter to the side of the resistor the ammeter is connected to
- Connect a lead from - side of voltmeter to other side of resistor
- Record readings on ammeter and voltmeter in a table
- Adjust variable resistor, record new ammeter and voltmeter readings
- Swap connections on battery so ammeter is now connected to the - terminal and variable resistor to the + terminal. The readings should now be negative
- Plot a graph of current against potential difference
- Should be a straight line through the origin
4b) I-V Characteristics (characteristics of a lamp)
- Swap leads on the battery back to original positions
- Replace resistor with the lamp
- Lamp will get hot
- Follow procedure for resistor, swapping leads on the battery to obtain negative readings
- Plot graph of current against potential difference
- Draw a curved line of best fit for your points
4c) I-V Characteristics (characteristics of a diode)
- Swap leads on battery back to original positions
- Remove lead from + side of battery and connect it to extra resistor labelled P
- Connect the other end of P to + side of battery
- Replace ammeter with milliammeter
- Replace lamp with diode. Connect + side of diode to the milliameter
- Repeat 1-6 to obtain pairs of readings of potential difference and current for the diode
- Plot graph of current against potential difference (There should not be any negative values of current)
5a) Density (Regular objects)
- Measure length, width and height of each of the objects
- Record results in a table
- Measure mass of each object using digital balance, and record the results
- Calculate and record the volumes (length x width x height).
- Calculate and record the densities (mass ÷ volume).
- Identify the substance each object is made from
5b) Density (Irregular objects)
- Measure mass of one of the irregular shaped objects
- Record result in a table
- Put an empty beaker under the spout of a eureka can and fill with water
- When water stops dripping, place measuring cylinder under the spout
- Tie object to a piece of cotton and lower into the can so
it’s completely submerged. Collect all of the water that comes out in the measuring cylinder - Measure and record volume of the collected water; this is equal to the volume of the object
- Calculate and record the density of the object
- Repeat for some of the other objects
5c) Density (Liquids)
- Measure mass of the empty beaker
- Record results in a table
- Pour about 100 ml of liquid into the measuring cylinder, measure and record the volume
- Pour this liquid into the beaker. Measure and record the mass of the beaker and liquid
- Calculate and record volume of the liquid
- Calculate the density of the liquid.
- The density of water is 1 g/cm3. Determine the mass of sugar per cm3 dissolved in the water, assuming the sugar does not affect the volume of the water
