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GCSE PHYSICS > P1- Energy > Flashcards

P1- Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 11 stores of energy

A

Kinetic, Gravitational potential, thermal, chemical potential, light, sound, electrical, nuclear, elastic potential, electrostatic, magnetic

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2
Q

What is energy transfer

A

The same as work done, when energy is transferred, one energy store will get smaller and another larger

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3
Q

Description of kinetic energy

A

Energy an object has because it is moving/ the energy store associated with moving objects

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4
Q

Description of gravitational potential energy

A

The energy an object acquires when it changes height

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5
Q

Description of thermal energy

A

The energy a substance has due to its kinetic energy (movement of its particles, always transferred from hot to cold objects)

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6
Q

Description of chemical potential energy

A

A type of stored energy released by chemical reactions

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7
Q

Description of light energy

A

Transverse wave, form of electromagnetic radiation, contains protons

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8
Q

Description of sound energy

A

Longitudinal wave, transmitted by vibrations of the particles in the medium through which it is travelling

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9
Q

Description of electrical energy

A

Caused by moving electrical charges, carried by wires, the energy that electrons have as they flow around a circuit

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10
Q

Description of nuclear energy

A

Energy stored nucleas of an atom that holds the nucleas together

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11
Q

What can energy not be

A

Created or destroyed

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12
Q

Description of elastic potential

A

The store of energy that stretched or compressed objects experience

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13
Q

What can energy be

A

Stored, transferred or dissipated

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14
Q

What is joules

A

The amount of energy an object has

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15
Q

What does dissipated mean

A

The energy has been spread our to the point it is no longer useable

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16
Q

What is a system

A

An object or group of objects that interact.

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17
Q

When a system changes, what happens to the way energy is stored

A

The way energy is stored also changes

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18
Q

What is a closed system

A

Where no matter or energy can enter or leave

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19
Q

What are the 3 things the amount of energy transfers depends on

A

1) Temperature difference between the two objects (greater difference = greater rate of energy transfer)

2) The thermal conductivity of a material (higher = more energy transferred),

3) The thickness of the insulating material (thicker = less energy transferred)

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20
Q

What is useful energy transfer

A

When energy is transferred to the energy store a device is intended for

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21
Q

What is the energy store/ transfer of a javelin thrower

A

Chemical energy of athlete will decrease. Kinetic energy of javelin will increase and gravitational potential energy of javelin will also increase

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22
Q

What will energy always be wasted as

A

Heat and sound

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23
Q

What is efficiency

A

A measure of how good a device is at changing energy from one store to another

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24
Q

If a device is more efficient, will less or more energy be wasted

A

Less energy wasted

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25
Q

Efficiency equation

A

Useful energy output / total energy input

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26
Q

How are energy efficient light bulbs more efficient than normal light bulbs

A

They waste less energy, more of electrical energy that they are supplied with us converted into light energy and not heat

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27
Q

How is efficiency shown

A

As a percentage or decimal between 0 and 1

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28
Q

3 ways to improve the efficiency of energy transfers

A

1) Insulating objects
2) Lubricating objects
3) Making objects more streamlined

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29
Q

Work done equation

A

Work Done= Force x Distance travelled (in direction of force)

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30
Q

What does the gravitational potential energy at the top equal

A

The kinetic energy of the object just before it hits the ground

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31
Q

Equation for kinetic energy (Ek)

A

0.5 x mass x velocity^2

32
Q

Gravitational potential energy (Ep) definition

A

The energy of an object with mass in a gravitational field suspended at a height above ground level

33
Q

Equation for Gravitational Potential energy (Ep)

A

Mass x gravitational field strength x height

34
Q

Gravitational field strength on earth

A

9.8 or 10 N/Kg

35
Q

What is elastic potential energy

A

A force acting on an object may cause the shape of an object to change. Elastic objects can store elastic potential energy if they’re stretched

36
Q

Equation for Elastic potential energy (Ee)

A

0.5 x spring constant (k) x extension^2

37
Q

What is spring/stiffness constant

A

A measure of how many Newtons (N) of force are required to extend a material by 1m.

38
Q

How is extension calculated

A

Extended length - Original length

39
Q

Specific heat capacity definition

A

The amount of energy required to raise 1kg of the material by 1 degree Celsius

40
Q

Equation for specific heat capacity

A

Energy= Mass x specific heat capacity (c) x temp change

41
Q

Power definition

A

The rate at which work is done.

42
Q

Power definition

A

Work done / time

43
Q

Weight definition

A

The force due to gravity (gravitational field strength)

44
Q

Weight equation

A

Mass x gravitational field strength

45
Q

Renewable energy sources are…

A

Replenished at the same rate they are used

46
Q

Non- renewable energy sources are..

A

Where the resource gets used up faster than it is reproduced

47
Q

Renewable energy sources examples

A

Solar, Wind, Nuclear, Tidal/Wave, Biomass, Geo-thermal, Hydro-electric, fossil fuels

48
Q

Solar energy

A

Sun light energy to electric. Generated by solar cells (panels)

49
Q

Solar energy Advantages

A

Low running costs, no damage to environment

50
Q

Solar energy disadvantages

A

Produces pollutants, high upfront costs, dependant on weather

51
Q

Wind energy

A

Kinetic to electric energy, wind turns turbines to generate electricity

52
Q

Wind energy advantages

A

Low running costs, no damage to environment

53
Q

Wind energy disadvantages

A

Produces pollutants, high upfront costs, dependant on weather

54
Q

Nuclear energy

A

Energy released from the nucleas during nuclear fission

55
Q

Nuclear energy advantages

A

Produces large amounts of energy, doesn’t emit greenhouse gases, reliable

56
Q

Nuclear energy disadvantages

A

Risk of nuclear disaster, expensive to build, have to store it safely for a long time

57
Q

Tidal/ Wave energy

A

Dams that make use of tides difference in water level to generate electricity

58
Q

Tidal/ Wave energy advantages

A

Large amount of electricity with no pollution, low running costs, doesn’t produce greenhouse gases

59
Q

Tidal/Wave energy disadvantages

A

Dependant on weather, can cause flooding, takes up space

60
Q

Biomass advantages

A

Cheap to make, easy to transport, carbon neutral

61
Q

Biomass

A

Fuel made recently from living organisms, from plants or algae

62
Q

Biomass disadvantages

A

Need somewhere to grow, produces greenhouse gases

63
Q

Geothermal energy

A

Thermal energy generated and stored in earths crust. Directly for heat or to generate electricity

64
Q

Geothermal energy advantages

A

Only damages environment slightly when installing, doesn’t produce pollutants, reliable over long time

65
Q

Geothermal energy disadvantages

A

Expensive to build, only in certain areas

66
Q

Hydroelectric energy

A

Dams that trap water coming from upstream, difference in water level generates electricity

67
Q

Hydroelectric energy advantages

A

Large amounts of energy with no pollution, low running costs

68
Q

Hydroelectric energy disadvantages

A

Only in certain locations, can cause floods

69
Q

Fossil fuels energy

A

Formed form plants and sealife being put under extreme pressure and heat

70
Q

Fossil fuels energy advantages

A

Reliable, large amounts of energy produced

71
Q

Fossil fuels energy disadvantages

A

Greenhouse gases, finite resource

72
Q

What are the three main fossil fuels

A

Coal, Oil and Gas

73
Q

3 key points about fossil fuels

A

1) They will run out one day
2) They all do damage to the environment
3) They are reliable

74
Q

What two things are energy resources used for

A

Transport and heating

75
Q
A

GCSE PHYSICS (8 decks)

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