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GCSE PHYSICS > P1- Electricity > Flashcards

P1- Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

Closed switch

A

Completes circuit allowing current to flow

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2
Q

Open switch

A

Breaks a circuit preventing current from flowing

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3
Q

Celll

A

Source of electrical energy and potential difference

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4
Q

Battery

A

Multiple cells connected together

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5
Q

Diode

A

Only allows current to flow in one direction

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6
Q

Resistor

A

Resists flow of current in a circuit. It has a fixed value and is an ohmic conductor

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7
Q

Variable resistor

A

A component used to vary and control the current in a circuit

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8
Q

Lamp

A

A component that transfer electrical energy into light energy

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9
Q

Fuse

A

Safety device that can stop current flowing if the current flowing exceeds a certain value. It melts to stop

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10
Q

Thermistor

A

A component whose resistance is related to the temperature. As temp increases, resistance decreases

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11
Q

Ammeter

A

Measure current in a circuit connected in series

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12
Q

Voltmeter

A

Measure potential different between two points in a circuit connected in parallel

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13
Q

Light Dependant resistor

A

Resistance is related to amount of light falling on it. As light intensity increases, resistance decreases

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14
Q

Light Emitting Diode

A

Transforms electrical energy into light energy when current flows in one direction only

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15
Q

Current

A

The rate of flow of charge measured in Amps (A)

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16
Q

Voltage

A

The amount of energy per unit of charge measured in Volts (V)

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17
Q

Resistance

A

A measure of the opposition to current measures in Ohms

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18
Q

For electrical charge to flow through a closed circuit, what must the circuit have

A

A source of potential difference

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19
Q

Current formula symbol, unit and unit symbol

A

I, Amps, A

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20
Q

Voltage formula symbol, unit and unit symbol

A

V, Volts, V

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21
Q

Resistance formula symbol, unit and unit symbol

A

R, Ohms, ♎️

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22
Q

Charge formula symbol, unit and unit symbol

A

Q, Coulombs, C

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23
Q

Power formula symbol, unit and unit symbol

A

P, Watts, W

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24
Q

Charge flow equation

A

Current x Time Q=It

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25
Q

P.D equation

A

Current x Resitance V= IR

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26
Q

Total resistance equation

A

Resistance of component 1 + Resistance of component 2

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27
Q

Power equation

A

Current x Voltage P=IV

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28
Q

Power equation 2

A

Current squared x Resistance P=I^2R

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29
Q

Energy transferred equation

A

Power x Time E=Pt

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30
Q

Energy transferred equation 2

A

Charge flow x Voltage E= QV

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31
Q

Opposite charges…

A

Attract

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32
Q

Like charges…

A

Repel

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33
Q

What is all matter made up of

A

Tiny particles called atoms. Each atom consists of a positively charged nucleas with negatively charged electrons moving around it

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34
Q

4 things resistance is affected by

A

Length of the wire, thickness of the wire, material of the wire, temperature

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35
Q

How does resistance change based on the length of the wire

A

Increased length= Increased resistance

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36
Q

How does resistance change based on the thickness of the wire

A

Increased thickness= Decreased resistance

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37
Q

How does resistance change based on the material of the wire

A

More free electrons = Less resistance

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38
Q

How does resistance change based on the temperature

A

Increased temperature = Increased resistance

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39
Q

Internal energy equation

A

Kinetic energy of particles + Chemical potential energy

40
Q

Ohms law

A

The current through a resistor at a constant temperature is directly proportional to the potential difference across the resistor. A component which obeys Ohms law is an Ohmic conductor

41
Q

Ohmic resistors

A

As voltage increases, current increases, temp constant, resistance constant, gradient constant, follows Ohms law

42
Q

IV Graphs

A

Fixed Resistor, Filament bulb, Diode

43
Q

Fixed resistor

A

Directly proportional, Ohmic conductor

44
Q

Filament bulb

A

Directly proportional in between but stops, Not an ohmic conductor

45
Q

If you increase the supply voltage in a real lamp circuit, the resulting increase in current causes the filament bulb to do what

A

Increase in temperature, which increases resistance. This effectively limits the increase in current

46
Q

Diode

A

Not directly proportional, Not an ohmic conductor

47
Q

When connected in a forward direction, what resistance does the diode give

A

Low resistance

48
Q

When connected in the reverse direction, what resistance does the diode give

A

High resistance

49
Q

If a circuit with a lamp and a diode isn’t working, what has to be done

A

Flip the terminals of the cell or the diode as the diode only allows current to flow in one direction

50
Q

Thermistor graph

A

Not a straight line (curve). Its resistance decreases as the temp increases. The current also increases. It can be used in thermostats and ovens (anything with temp control)

51
Q

LDR graph

A

Not a straight line (curve). Resistance decreases when light intensity increases. Current also increases. Used in light sensing circuits, streets lights etc

52
Q

Series circuit

A

One continuous, single loop with components connected one after another

53
Q

What happens if a series circuit breaks

A

Whole circuit stops working

54
Q

Current in series

A

Same everywhere in the circuit

55
Q

Voltage in series

A

Shared across all of the components

56
Q

Resistance in series

A

Total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances of each component

57
Q

Parallel circuit

A

More than one loop (branches)

58
Q

What happens if a component breaks in a parallel circuit

A

The other components on other branches will still work

59
Q

Current in parallel

A

Shared/split between the branches

60
Q

Voltage in parallel

A

All components gave the same voltage on each branch

61
Q

Resistance in parallel

A

More components in parallel, lower total resistance (total resistance is less than the resistance of the smallest component)

62
Q

What will components with a greater resistance have

A

A higher share of voltage

63
Q

In a parallel circuit what will branches with the highest resistance also have

A

The lowest current

64
Q

Alternating current

A

Current which changes direction repeatedly

65
Q

Direct current

A

Current which flows in only one direction

66
Q

Frequency of Mains electricity in UK

A

50Hz

67
Q

Voltage of Mains electricity supplied to UK homes

A

230V

68
Q

What is the colour of the live wire

A

Brown

69
Q

What is the purpose of the live wire

A

To supply electrical energy (230V) with a fuse attached

70
Q

What colour is the neutral wire

A

Blue

71
Q

What is the purpose of the neutral wire

A

To complete the circuit and has 0V

72
Q

What colour is the earth wire

A

Green and yellow striped

73
Q

What is the purpose of the earth wire

A

To be a safety wire and provide a path of least resistance for current to get to the earth in case of an electrical fault

74
Q

What is a short circuit

A

Where the electrical current flows through an unintended, shorter pathway instead of following a circuit (e.g through a device or person)

75
Q

Energy transferred equation (depending on power)

A

Energy transferred=
Power x Time (E= Pt)

76
Q

Energy transferred equation (potential difference)

A

Energy transferred = Charge flow x Potential difference (E=QV)

77
Q

Charge of a proton

A

+1

78
Q

Relative mass of a proton

A

1

79
Q

Charge of a neutron

A

0

80
Q

Relative mass of a neutron

A

1

81
Q

Charge of an electron

A

-1

82
Q

Relative mass of an electron

A

1/2000 (very little)

83
Q

What are electrical fields

A

The electrical field is the space around an electrical charge where another charged particle would experience a force

84
Q

What direction do the arrows face in an electrical field from an isolated positive charge

A

Outwards

85
Q

What direction do the arrows face in an electrical field from an isolated negative charge

A

Inwards

86
Q

What is a build up of static caused by

A

Friction

87
Q

What happens to the potential difference between the object an earth when electric charge builds

A

Increases

88
Q

What is the National Grid

A

A giant system of cables and transformers that cover the UK and connect power stations to consumers

89
Q

What is needed to transmit the huge amount of power needed in the National Grid

A

Either a high potential difference or a high currenr

90
Q

Role of the Step Up transformer

A

Increase PD and decrease current, to reduce energy losses as heat in the transmission cables

91
Q

What is increased by the Step Up transformer

A

Potential difference

92
Q

What is decreased by the Step Up transformer

A

Current

93
Q

Role of the Step Down transformer

A

Increase current and decrease PD to make it safe for the consumers

94
Q

What is increased by the Step Down transformer

A

Current

95
Q

What is decreased by the Step Down transformer

A

Potential difference

GCSE PHYSICS (8 decks)

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