P1 Periodic Table

Question 1

How were early periodic tables arranged?

Answer 1

By the atomic weight of element so some elements were placed in INAPPROPRIATE GROUPS

Question 2

What are isotopes?

Answer 2

.  They are forms of an element.
.  They have the same number of protons
.  But different numbers of neutrons.
eg 39Ar     38Ar
         18          18

Question 3

Why is argon unreactive?

Answer 3

It has a full outer shells and is therefore stable

Question 4

State symbols

Answer 4

eg (g) (aq)

Question 5

Formula for nitric acid

Answer 5

HNO3

Question 6

How is the period table arranged?

Answer 6

By atomic number (the proton number)

• elements in the same group have the same number of ELECTRONS in their OUTER SHELL so they have SIMILAR chemical properties

Question 7

What many elements in H2SO4?

Answer 7

3 - Hydrogen Sodium & Oxygen

Question 8

What is Neutralisation?

Answer 8

Neutralisation is when:
. An acid react with a base of alkali forming a SALT and WATER
eg

H2SO4(aq) + CuO(s) → CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l)

Question 9

How is the periodic table arranged?

Answer 9

By Atomic number

Question 10

What is a metal oxide?

Answer 10

A metal bonded with oxygen

Question 11

What is oxidation?

Answer 11

A substance GAINS oxygen
eg 2mg + o2 = 2MgO
Magnesium + oxygen = magnesium oxide

Question 12

What is reduction?

Answer 12

When a substances loses oxygen
eg
lead(IV) oxide = carbon = lead and carbon dioxide
PBO2 + C = Pb + CO2

Question 13

What is the reactive series?

Answer 13

. The more easily a metal atoms loses electrons the the reactive it is.
. Very reactive - Li K Na - to produce a metal hydroxide + hydrogen
. Medium reactive - Ca Mg Zn Fe - react quickly with acids & slowly with water
. Very unreactive metal - Cu Au do not react with acids or water at bottom of periodic table.

Question 14

Group 0?

Answer 14

Group 0

• NOBLE GASES
• Full outer shell of electrons
• Very stable electrons so very UNREACTIVE Non Metals

Question 15

Group 1 metals?

Answer 15

Group 1 metals

• ALKALI metals
• 1 ELECTRONS in their OUTER SHELL
• LOW melting and LOW boiling point
• Melting & Boiling points go down as you go down the group
• STORED under OIL cos react vigorously with OXYGEN & WATER
• Low density Li Na K float on water

Question 16

What happens when Alkali metals react with water?

Answer 16

when an alkai metals reacts with water

A METAL HYDROXIDE is formed & HYDROGEN is given off

Potassium + Water = Potassium Hydroxide + Hydrogen

Question 17

EARLY periodic table ordered by

Answer 17

The EARLY periodic table order by ATOMIC WEIGHT (John Newlands’ idea but no GAPS for new elements)

Question 18

MENDELEEV rearranged the periodic table:

Answer 18

MENDELEEV

• Grouped elements of SIMILAR properties in VERTICAL COLUMN
• Left GAPS for new elements to be added later

Question 19

Group 1 metals do what?

Answer 19

GROUP 1 metals:

• REACT with Oxygen to form METAL OXIDES

eg Sodium reacts with Oxygen to form Sodium Oxide

Question 20

GROUP 7 (Halogens) - N O N M E T A L S

Answer 20

GROUP 7 Halogens - N O N M E T A L S

• Non metals
• 7 electrons on outer shell
• Reactivity decreases as go down the group - less easy to an an electron as FURTHER AWAY from the control of
  NUCLEUS
• Halogens react with METALS to produce IONIC SALTS
• A more REACTIVE halogen with DISPLACE a less reactive Halogen for an aqueous solution of its SALT

eg Chlorine + POTASSIUM BROMIDE = POTASSIUM CHLORIDE

. Similar reactions

Question 21

What do alkalies need to be stored under OIL?

Answer 21

ALKALIES need to be stored under OIL as they:

• REACT violently with WATER and OXYGEN

Question 22

What are Isotopes?

Answer 22

Isotopes are:

Forms of an ELEMENT that have the SAME number of PROTONS but DIFFERENT number of NEURONS

12 Top number Neurons
C
6 Bottom number Proton

13
C
6

Question 23

Elements that react to FORM POSITIVE IONS ARE …

Answer 23

Elements that react to FORM POSITIVE IONS are … M E T A L S

Question 24

Elements that DO NOT form POSITIVE IONS are …

Answer 24

Elements that DO NOT form POSITIVE IONS are … N O N M E T A L S

Question 25

METALS are found where on the Periodic Table?

Answer 25

Metals are found:

LEFT and TOWARDS the BOTTOM of the table

Question 26

Where are NON-METALS found on the Periodic Table?

Answer 26

NON-METALS are found toward the RIGHT & TOP of the periodic table

Question 27

What is an ELEMENT?

Answer 27

ELEMENTS are:

1. Displayed on the periodic table
2. There are about 100 elements
3. Elements are made up of 1 type of ATOM
4. They are represented in the periodic table by ONE or TWO letters called SYMBOLS eg Na

Question 28

What is an ATOM?

Answer 28

An ATOM is the SMALLEST part of an ELEMENT that can exist.

Question 29

Differences between ELEMENT and COMPOUND.

Answer 29

Elements … contain ONE TYPE of ATOM

Compounds … contain atoms of at LEAST TWO DIFFERENT elements which have been CHEMICALLY combined

Question 30

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 30

A covalent bond is when

Molecules with 2 ATOMS share electrons

Question 31

What is room temperature?

Answer 31

Room temperature is about 20 degrees C

Question 32

What do Group 7 element form when react with NON Metals?

Answer 32

Group 7 elements form COVALENT BONDS (ie share electrons) when they react with NON metals = COVALENT COMPOUNDS are formed

Question 33

What do Group 7 elements from when the regard with METALS?

Answer 33

Group 7 elements form IONIC COMPOUNDS when they react WITH METALS