P1 Periodic Table Flashcards
How were early periodic tables arranged?
By the atomic weight of element so some elements were placed in INAPPROPRIATE GROUPS
What are isotopes?
. They are forms of an element.
. They have the same number of protons
. But different numbers of neutrons.
eg 39Ar 38Ar
18 18Why is argon unreactive?
It has a full outer shells and is therefore stable
State symbols
eg (g) (aq)
Formula for nitric acid
HNO3
How is the period table arranged?
By atomic number (the proton number)
- elements in the same group have the same number of ELECTRONS in their OUTER SHELL so they have SIMILAR chemical properties
What many elements in H2SO4?
3 - Hydrogen Sodium & Oxygen
What is Neutralisation?
Neutralisation is when:
. An acid react with a base of alkali forming a SALT and WATER
eg
H2SO4(aq) + CuO(s) → CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l)
How is the periodic table arranged?
By Atomic number
What is a metal oxide?
A metal bonded with oxygen
What is oxidation?
A substance GAINS oxygen
eg 2mg + o2 = 2MgO
Magnesium + oxygen = magnesium oxide
What is reduction?
When a substances loses oxygen
eg
lead(IV) oxide = carbon = lead and carbon dioxide
PBO2 + C = Pb + CO2
What is the reactive series?
. The more easily a metal atoms loses electrons the the reactive it is.
. Very reactive - Li K Na - to produce a metal hydroxide + hydrogen
. Medium reactive - Ca Mg Zn Fe - react quickly with acids & slowly with water
. Very unreactive metal - Cu Au do not react with acids or water at bottom of periodic table.
Group 0?
Group 0
- NOBLE GASES
- Full outer shell of electrons
- Very stable electrons so very UNREACTIVE Non Metals
Group 1 metals?
Group 1 metals
- ALKALI metals
- 1 ELECTRONS in their OUTER SHELL
- LOW melting and LOW boiling point
- Melting & Boiling points go down as you go down the group
- STORED under OIL cos react vigorously with OXYGEN & WATER
- Low density Li Na K float on water
What happens when Alkali metals react with water?
when an alkai metals reacts with water
A METAL HYDROXIDE is formed & HYDROGEN is given off
Potassium + Water = Potassium Hydroxide + Hydrogen
EARLY periodic table ordered by
The EARLY periodic table order by ATOMIC WEIGHT (John Newlands’ idea but no GAPS for new elements)
MENDELEEV rearranged the periodic table:
MENDELEEV
- Grouped elements of SIMILAR properties in VERTICAL COLUMN
- Left GAPS for new elements to be added later
Group 1 metals do what?
GROUP 1 metals:
- REACT with Oxygen to form METAL OXIDES
eg Sodium reacts with Oxygen to form Sodium Oxide
GROUP 7 (Halogens) - N O N M E T A L S
GROUP 7 Halogens - N O N M E T A L S
- Non metals
- 7 electrons on outer shell
- Reactivity decreases as go down the group - less easy to an an electron as FURTHER AWAY from the control of
NUCLEUS - Halogens react with METALS to produce IONIC SALTS
- A more REACTIVE halogen with DISPLACE a less reactive Halogen for an aqueous solution of its SALT
eg Chlorine + POTASSIUM BROMIDE = POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
. Similar reactions
What do alkalies need to be stored under OIL?
ALKALIES need to be stored under OIL as they:
- REACT violently with WATER and OXYGEN
What are Isotopes?
Isotopes are:
Forms of an ELEMENT that have the SAME number of PROTONS but DIFFERENT number of NEURONS
12 Top number Neurons
C
6 Bottom number Proton
13
C
6
Elements that react to FORM POSITIVE IONS ARE …
Elements that react to FORM POSITIVE IONS are … M E T A L S
Elements that DO NOT form POSITIVE IONS are …
Elements that DO NOT form POSITIVE IONS are … N O N M E T A L S
