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MyAGK > P Piston Engine Fuel Systems > Flashcards

P Piston Engine Fuel Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the composition of AvGas?

A

85% carbon and 15% hydrogen

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2
Q

What colour is AvGas 100?

A

Green

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3
Q

What colour is AvGas 100LL?

A

Blue

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4
Q

What colour is AvGas 80?

A

Red

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5
Q

What colour is MoGas?

A

Black

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6
Q

What are the octane ratings for AvGas and AvGas 100LL?

A

Both are 100

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7
Q

Prior to flight what must the condition of the fuel sample be?

A
  1. Clear and bright
  2. Free of sediment
  3. No entrained water
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8
Q

What is the maximum water content of fuel?

A

30ppm

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9
Q

What can detonation cause?

A

Mechanical shock

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10
Q

What are 4 principal causes of detonation?

A
  1. Fuel with poor anti-knock properties
  2. Incorrect mixture (excessively weak)
  3. Anything that might raise the temperature (low rpm with high manifold absolute pressure)
  4. High engine temperature
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11
Q

What can pre-ignition cause?

A

Mechanical shock

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12
Q

What are the 3 principal causes of pre-ignition?

A
  1. Hot spot within the cylinder - carbon deposits on valve
  2. Ignition malfunction - damaged spark plug
  3. High cylinder temperatures
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13
Q

What is the ideal combustion mixture?

A

15:1

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14
Q

What ratio would a pilot use for take-off?

A

11:1

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15
Q

What ratio would a pilot use for cruise?

A

17:1

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16
Q

Which ratio do you get peak exhaust gas temperature (EGT) at?

A

15:1

17
Q

What are the 2 types of fuel delivery?

A

Carburation and fuel injection

18
Q

In a carburettor, what is the purpose of a pressure balance duct?

A

To counteract the ram effect by equalising the pressure in float chamber and the pressure at the start of the Venturi

19
Q

In a carburettor, what is the purpose of a diffuser?

A

The diffuser allows some of the pressure in the float chamber to escape, reestablishing the pressure differential

20
Q

In a carburettor, what is the purpose of mixture control?

A

Allows the pilot to alter the fuel constant of the charge mixture, when valve is closed the mixture is fully rich. As the valve opens pressure is equalised and less fuel flows into air flow

21
Q

In a carburettor, what is the purpose of a slow running jet?

A

When the engine is at idle and the pressure differential isn’t significant, the slow running jet assures fuel is injected into accelerated airflow around the edge of the butterfly valve

22
Q

In a carburettor, what is the purpose of a power enrichment cam?

A

Adds additional fuel boost when more power is requested, reducing lag

23
Q

In a carburettor, what is the purpose of a accelerator pump cam?

A

Adds additional fuel boost when immediate acceleration is requested, by injecting fuel directly into the Venturi, reducing lag

24
Q

What does fuel evaporation and pressure drop at idle throttle cause?

A

Cooling in the inlet tract which could lead to ice formation

25
Q

What temperature can carburettor ice from at?

A

Any temperature so long as enough moisture is present

26
Q

What does carburettor icing cause?

A

Stuck throttle and/or reduction in power

27
Q

What are the symptoms of carburettor icing?

A
  • Loss of rpm
  • Reduced performance
  • Reduced inlet manifold absolute pressure (MAP)
  • Decreased exhaust gas temperature (EGT)
  • Rough running
  • Jammed throttle
  • Engine stops
28
Q

What is the 1st sign of carburettor icing with a fixed pitch propeller?

A

Unexplained drop in rpm

29
Q

What is the 1st sign of carburettor icing with a variable pitch propeller?

A

Drop in MAP

30
Q

What does carburettor heat do?

A

Takes air heated by exhaust gasses and uses it for combustion

31
Q

What is indirect fuel injection?

A

When fuel is injected into the stream of air just before the valve

32
Q

How is fuel injection powered?

A

By an electric pump

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