(P) Lesson 3: Propositions Flashcards
The second basic mental operation that we exercise
Judgment
Provides a mental sentence that is either an affirmative or denial
Judgment
Man’s capacity to judge rests on the construction of statements
Propositions
When try to asses whether something is true or false
Judgment
External statements to which it represents judgement
Propositions
Expressed using declarative sentences showing either agreement/disagreement of ideas or tentative relations of ideas
Propositions
The building blocks of reasoning; the answers provide truth values
Propositions
Proposition that expresses an absolute or straight-forward manner in affirming or denying a relationship between two ideas
Categorical
Ideas represented by subject term and a predicate term
Copula
What are the elements of a categorical proposition?
Subject, copula, and predicate
Classification of Categorical Propositions based on Quality
State of being which provides an answer from the question, “what kind” and provides a positive response out of it, regardless of validity
Affirmative
Classification of Categorical Propositions based on Quality
State of being which provides an answer from the question, “what kind” and provides a negative response out of it, regardless of validity
Negative
Classification of Categorical Propositions based on Quantity
Contains a referent that is applied to a single subject
Singular
Classification of Categorical Propositions based on Quantity
Can be proper nouns, demonstrative and personal pronouns, and superlative adjectives
Singular
Classification of Categorical Propositions based on Quantity
Contains a referent that is applied to a specific group of subjects but not encompassing all of them
Particular
Classification of Categorical Propositions based on Quantity
Can be plural indefinite pronouns such as few, some, and several, and numbers
Particular
Classification of Categorical Propositions based on Quantity
Contains a referent that is applied to a universal group of subjects
Universal
Classification of Categorical Propositions based on Quantity
Can be universal quantifiers, wh-ever words (cannot be “whenever” as time is abstract), articles the/a/an, and general propositions
Universal
Format of Standard-Form Proposition
Quantifier + (Subject term) + Copula + (Predicate term)
This is your review the Standard-Form Proposition table pass.
Please go there. Thx.
Proposition that provides a tentative idea
Hypothetical
T or F: All hypothetical propositions contain at least one categorical propositions
F
At least 2
Types of Hypothetical Proposition
Express a direct and logical cause (antecedent) and effect (consequent) relationship between one and another
Conditional
Conditional Propositions
If and other expressions like unless, which, etc. are?
Antecedents/Conditions
Conditional Propositions
Then and therefore are?
Consequents/Results
Conditional Propositions
Reliant on the relationship of the antecedent and consequent
Truth Value
Conditional Propositions
If the antecedent is true, then the consequent should be?
True
Conditional Propositions
If the antecedent is a cause, the consequent should also be ____
True
It is a natural result of the antecedent
Conditional Propositions
Propositions that are either true or false
Contingent Propositions
Conditional Propositions
T or F: You cannot have the antecedent not relate to the consequent.
T
Types of Hypothetical Proposition
Contains 2 or more alternatives which are so related that one of them is true
Disjunctive Proposition
Disjunctive Proposition
What are the markings?
Either-or
Whether-or
Neither-nor
Or
Types of Hypothetical Propositions
Contains alternatives of which only one must be true
Conjunctive Propositions
Conjunctive Propositions
What are the markings?
And
Can not be
At the same time
Cannot be both
Means t change it into its other forms (whether the given is one of the three kinds of hypothetical propositions)
Reduction
