(M) Lesson 4: Arguments and Inferences Flashcards
The third and last part of ideogenesis
Inference
A point of inquiry in trying to understand the relationships between multiple propositions being asserted
Inference
The process of linking propositions by affirming one of them on the basis of one or more other propositions
Inference
In the process of ____, you now have a multitude of propositions which are entirely related to one another
Inferring
Using ______ means being able to construct arguments
Inference
Any group of propositions of which one follows from the others; they provide support or are grounds for the truth of that one
Arguments
Arguments consist of an _____, the ____ _____ and the _______ ______ which are propositions that give justice to what you’re saying.
Argument, main point, supporting points
Types of Inferences
Drawn directly from one premise without any mediation of another premise; normally seen in the 2-statement format
Intermediate
Types of Inferences
What is the 2-statement format?
Statement A (main point) and statement B (conclusion)
Types of Inferences
T or F: You can come up with a conclusion based on two premises without other intervening premises to support the claim
F
One premise only
Types of Inferences
T or F: A single statement already has enough proof to be justified in the claim
T
Types of Inferences
It is drawn from more than one premise as in the case of syllogisms; often seen in the 3-statement format.
Mediate
Types of Inferences
T or F: In a mediate inference, there is an intervening premise that is trying to support the premise that you have.
T
There could be 1, 2 or 3.
This must have some structure within the cluster of propositions that exhibit some inference
Arguments
What are the parts of an argument?
Premise (Support) and Conclusion (Main Point)
Parts of an Argument
It is what is being talked about.
Main Point (Conclusion)
Parts of an Argument
It provides justification to what the passage is saying in the discussion
Premise (Support)
What do you need to determine to identify an argument?
Form and quality
It is ideal that you have an argument that is both ____ and ____
True and valid
Kinds of Arguments
It provides conclusive (there is enough proof) grounds for its conclusion.
Deductive
Kinds of Arguments
They require to be validated by checking the necessary relations of the premises to the conclusion.
Deductive
Kinds of Arguments
If the establishment of the relation fails to manifest, it becomes invalid
Kinds of Arguments
Starts with general ideas and come up with specific outcomes
Deductive
Kinds of Arguments
Often used by science to come up with answers from general understood ideas
Deductive
Kinds of Arguments
The premises give only some degree of probability but not certainty to its conclusion
Inductive
Kinds of Arguments
Validity and invalidity does not apply
Inductive
Kinds of Arguments
Can be classified whether they are better or worse OR weaker or stronger
Inductive
Kinds of Arguments
Presents what-if scenarios
Inductive
Kinds of Arguments
Stems from specific ideas to general points which may or may not happen
Inductive
T or F: Just because there’s an indicator doesn’t mean that it has an argument in it.
T
T or F: All propositions are considered as premises and conclusions.
F
Not all, some are just passing comments called explanations.
If a passage is lengthy and contains multiple arguments, use the ________ to investigate and find the primary conclusion.
Diagram Technique
Term used for when certain premises do not explicitly show the passage but rather it is implied from the text.
Enthymemes
Hellaur, please study the standard forms of Inferences
idk how to make the cards e hehe.
