(F) Lesson 7: Categorical Syllogism Flashcards

1
Q

When did Aristotle develop syllogisms in their original form?

A

350 BCE

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2
Q

What was the name of Aristotle’s original work where they developed syllogisms?

A

Analytica priora

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3
Q

Represent the earliest branch of formal logic

A

Syllogisms

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4
Q

The formal analysis of logical terms and operators and the structures that make it possible to infer true conclusions from given premises

A

Syllogisms

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5
Q

A categorical syllogism has ____ categorical propositions

A

Three

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6
Q

An argument that has three categorical propositions

A

Categorical syllogism

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7
Q

A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion

A

Syllogism

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8
Q

Three compositions of a syllogism

A

Major premise, minor premise, conclusion

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9
Q

The predicate of the conclusion

A

Major Term

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10
Q

Subject or predicate of one of the two premises

A

Major Term

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11
Q

The subject of the conclusion

A

Minor Term

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12
Q

Subject or predicate of one of the two premises

A

Minor Term

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13
Q

Often found in the two premises (can be the subject or the predicate), which serves to link them with each other

A

Middle Term

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14
Q

The major premise contains the?

A

Major Term

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15
Q

The minor premise contains the?

A

Minor Term

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16
Q

The ____ should never be in the conclusion, only in the premise.

A

Middle Term

17
Q

The arrangement of terms in the argument or syllogism

A

Figure

18
Q

Figure can be easily identified with the location of?

A

the Middle Term

19
Q

What are the four figures of categorical syllogism?

A

Figure 1: Sub-Pre
Figure 2: Pre-Pre
Figure 3: Sub-Sub
Figure 4: Pre-Sub

Teh, review-hin mo na ‘to please.

20
Q

Depends upon the type of a categorical proposition that consist a categorical syllogism

A

Mood

21
Q

A list of the types beginning with the major premise and ending with the conclusion

A

Mood

22
Q

Based on their quantity (universal or particular) and its copula (affirmative or negative)

A

Mood

23
Q

An attribute that describes the relationship between a categorical proposition and its terms, whether or not the proposition makes a statement about every member of the class represented by a given term

A

Distribution

24
Q

____ of the proposition dictates the distribution of the subject

A

Quantity

25
Q

Universals ____ while particulars ___

Distribution of Terms

A

Universals distribute, particulars do not

26
Q

____ of the proposition dictates the distribution of the predicate

A

Quality

27
Q

Negatives ____, affirmatives ____

Distribution of Terms

A

Negatives distribute, affirmatives do not

28
Q

Syllogism can be validated by looking on the ____ and ____ of the syllogism itself

A

Mood and Figure

29
Q

How many possible syllogism forms can there be?

A

256

30
Q

These are formulated so that errors in making syllogism would be noted in case that there are violations

A

Syllogistic Rules

31
Q

What are the six syllogistic rules?

Teh, review-hin mo ‘to isa-isa pls.

A
  • Rule 1: Avoid 4 Terms (Fallacy of Four Terms/Ambiguous Middle)
  • Rule 2: Distribute the Middle Term in at least 1 Premise (Fallacy of Undistributed Middle)
  • Rule 3: Any Term Distributed in the Conclusion must be Distributed in the Premises (Fallacy of Illicit Process)
  • Rule 4: Avoid Negative Premises (Fallacy of Exclusive Premises)
  • Rule 5: If Either Premise is Negative, the Conclusion must be Negative.
  • Rule 6: From Two Universal Premises, No Particular Conclusion may be Drawn (Existential Fallacy)
32
Q

Name the Fallacy

If this is done, the latter says more about the term than the premises did

A

Rule 3: Any Term Distributed in the Conclusion must be Distributed in the Premises (Fallacy of Illicit Process)

33
Q

Name the Fallacy

Major term is undistributed

A

Fallacy of Illicit Major (Rule 3)

34
Q

Name the Fallacy

Minor term is undistributed

A

Fallacy of Illicit Minor

35
Q

Name the Fallacy

Two negative premises deny class inclusion thus cannot yield a linkage towards the conclusion

A

Rule 4: Avoid Negative Premises (Fallacy of Exclusive Premises)

36
Q

Name the Fallacy

There should be no affirmative conclusions as well with two negative premises

A

Rule 4: Avoid Negative Premises (Fallacy of Exclusive Premises)

37
Q

Name the Fallacy

A negative premsie must always have a negative conclusion, not an affirmative one.

A

Rule 5: If Either Premise is Negative, the Conclusion must be Negative.

38
Q

Name the Fallacy

If the premises of an argument do not assert the existence of anything at all, the conclusion should be unwarranted when the existence of something may be inferred

A

Rule 6: From Two Universal Premises, No Particular Conclusion may be Drawn (Existential Fallacy)