(P) L3: Market Integration (Book-based) Flashcards
When ws the United Nations established?
October 24, 1945
This is the substitute to the unsuccessful League of Nations
United Nations
Aims to promote international cooperation and restore international order
United Nations
What year was the first government-sponsored international financial institutions established?
1944
What were the two int’l financial institution established in 1944?
World Bank and International Monetary Fund
What are the two types of international financial institutions?
Intergovernmental and private
Which type of international financial institution is Word Bank?
Intergovernmental
Which type of international financial institution is IMF?
Intergovernmental
This instituition aims to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity in a sustainable way.
World Bank
Enumerate the five organizations that belong to World Bank
- International Bank for Reconstruction & Development
- International Development Association
- International Financial Corporation
- Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
- International Center for Settlement & Investment Dispute
The organizations under this institute facilitate the granting of loans and financial assistance to developing countries
World Bank
This institute works to foster global monetary cooperation, serve financial stabilitt, and facilitate international trade
International Monetary Fund
This institute also grants financial assistance & loans to developing countries like World Bank
IMF
What are the two regional banks and when were they established?
Asian Development Bank (1960) and African Development Bank (1964)
These were created to spur social progress and economic growth in order to address and reduce poverty; anchored on the goal of fostering sustainable development in their respective countries
Asian Development Bank and African Development Bank
Two examples of private international financial institution
Citigroup and Merrill Lynch
This is an American multinational investment banking and financial corporation
Citigroup
This is the fourth largest bank in US
Citigroup
This is the wealth management division of the Bank of America and provides investments around the world
Merrill Lynch
This can be in the form of FDI, stocks, or financial loans
Investments
T or F: Only intergovernmental financial institutions help facilitate the functionality of a global economy by lending money to their member states and global corporations
False (Both private and intergovernmental)
Intergovernmental institution involved in project lending, establishing structural reforms, providing support and technical assistance
World Bank
This institution provides international capital (FDIs, short-term capital, and long-term investment)
WB
Intergovernmental institution involved in establishing institutional bodies to address and reduce poverty
IMF
This is the result of the establishment of global economy that involved the homogenization of trade and commerce
Global Market Integration
These rose as the new ways of putting order to the economic interrelationships among countires
Colonialism & Imperialism
This established equity, corporate ownership, management subsidiaries, and central headquarters
Colonialism
Started when big American corporations began to emerge after WWII
Global Market Integration
A French multinational automobile manufacturer that helped in the military post-war operations
Renault automobiles
The rise of global corporations from which countries paves the further development of international trade?
American, Japanese, and European global corporations
Who identified the differences among international, multinational, transnational, and global companies?
Iwan, 2012
iwan q sau
These are importers and exporters with no investment outside their home countries
International companies
These are those that have investments in other countries but do not have a coordinated product offering in each country; more focused on adapting their products and services to each individual market
Multinational companies
These have investments and are present in many countries; typically market their products and services in each individual local market
Global companies
These are more complex organizations that have investments in foreign operations, have a central corporate facility but give decision-making, research and development, and marketing powers to each individual foreign market
Transnational companies
Literature officially traced this as the start of the contemporary market integration
Return of Japanese & Europeans to global market
T or F: In 1974, major global economic actors were TNCs
False (MNCs)
They were described to be a particular corporate form to dominate global production and exchange
MNCs
Caroll (2003) refers to them as the triad
United States, European Union, and Japan
What are the three structural periods after the war according to Gereffi (2001)? With their years pls ^^
- Investment-based period (1950 - 1970)
- Trade-based period (1970 - 1995)
- Digital globalization (1995 onwards)
This is the funding made to acquire lasting interest in enterprises operating outside the investor with the purpose of gaining an effective voice in the management of the enterprise
FDIs
What year did FDIs become the major drivers of global corporate development
1960
What year did FDIs triple according to Hedley?
1990
During which period were global corporations become controlled by producer-driven commodities
Trade-based period
This period affected the operations of global corporations since technology is integrated in both production and consumption
Digital globalization
This integrated their production structures to reduce the effects of time and distance in production & consumption
Producer-driven value streams
This refers to the changed behavior in retailing their goods and services via the internet
Buyer-driven value streams
T or F: Global corporations are very powerful entities that can create a crisis
True
T or F: All TNCs and MNCs reached global annual growth by exploiting the environment
False (only some)
In this event, global corporations brought chaos to the economy of the Asian region by controlling the FDIs
Asian Financial Crisis (1997)
