p. 74 - Anthrax

Question 1

Route of infection in anthrax

Answer 1

o inhalation of spores (wear mask to prevent this & keep surfaces wet), wounds, PO
(products can contain the bacterium e.g. milk, meat), biting fly (cutaneous

Question 2

lesions most commonly seen in anthrax

Answer 2

o are those of a generalised septicaemia often accompanied by an enlarged spleen having a ‘blackberry jam’ consistency and poorly clotted blood. Haemorrhage from the nose, mouth, vagina and/or anus at death may be found.

Question 3

Vaccination used in which animals and how long does the observation period last for vaccination for anthrax ?

Answer 3

– used in Ru & Eq

o 14 days’ observation period after vaccinating an animal

Question 4

Lifting the measures of ANthrax when

Answer 4

o observation period: 20 days, no surveillance in the village

Question 5

Disposal of Products in case of Anthrax

Answer 5

• Raw materials of animals diseased & suspected of being diseased under official surveillance must not be removed: disposal after disinfection
• Milk suspected of being infected: heat treatment
• Animals diseased, suspected of being diseased or suspected of being infected:
o must not be slaughtered or bled to death
• Animals diseased, suspected of being disease:
o no operation, treatment only by the vet
• Disposal of carcases:
o prohibition of use or sale, processing in a disposal plant
• Manure, bedding material, feedstuffs:
o separation & incineration or burial
• Strict disinfection

Question 6

Control measures for Anthrax

Answer 6

o Official surveillance
o Separation (3 groups)
▪ 1) Diseased & suspected of being diseased
▪ 2) Suspected of being infected
▪ 3) Other susceptible animals
o (1) Diseased & suspected of being diseased (been in contact & show fever): immediate
treatment (ABs, hyperimmune serum), change of feedstuffs, drinking water, no grazing
o (2) Suspected of being infected (no clinical signs): vaccination, 14 days observation
▪ Cattle, horse: taking the temp
▪ Sheep, goats, pigs: daily observation
▪ In case of fever or clinical signs: treatment

Question 7

Animals suspicious to Anthrax?

Answer 7

o non typical clinical signs

o suspected of being infected (feedstuff or water) + fever