Lecture 1 + 2 - important, PQ

Question 1

What are the Special commissions?

Answer 1

Code commission
Scientific comission
Laboratories comission
Aquatic animals comission

Question 2

Duties of the OIE

Answer 2

a) To inform governments about the occurrence & course of diseases of animals throughout the world & ways of controlling these diseases
b) To provide co-ordination at the international level for studies devoted to the surveillance & control of diseases of animals
c) To examine regulations for trade in animals & products of animal origin, with a view to harmonizing such regulation among member countries
d) To give priority to the welfare of animals used in agriculture & aquaculture & to identify animal welfare research e.g. transport

Question 3

List A of the OIE?

Answer 3

meant the list of transmissible diseases which have the:
o potential for serious & rapid spread, irrespective of national boarders, which are of
o serious socio-economic or public health consequence & which are of major importance in the international trade of animals & animal products e.g. FMD, CSF, ASF, avian influenza etc.
o Control: Stamp out policy = remove huge no. of animals

Question 4

List B of the OIE?

Answer 4

meant the list of transmissible diseases which are considered to be of socio-economic &/or public health importance within countries & which are significant in the international trade of animals & animal products
o Spread of these diseases is not as rapid as list A
o Serious loss in production of animals/zoonosis
o Control: eradication program = obligatory/optional

Question 5

FAO-WHO codex alimentarius committee

Answer 5

o Achieving food security for all is at the heart of the FAO’s efforts – to make sure people
have regular access to enough high-quality food to lead active, healthy lives
o Putting info within reach
o Sharing policy expertise
o Providing a meeting place for nations
o Bringing knowledge to the field

Question 6

Objectives of the Council of Europe

Answer 6

o To protect human rights, pluralist democracy & the rule of law
o To promote awareness & encourage the development of Europe’s cultural identity & diversity (animal welfare!)
o To find common solutions to the challenges facing European society
o To consolidate democratic stability in Europe by backing political, legislative & constitutional reform

Question 7

GATT agreement

Answer 7

o 1 January 1995
o The aim is to reduce to a minimum the negative effects of health barriers on international trade, states in particular that countries should, with a view to achieving the widest possible
harmonisation of their animal health measures taken to ensure the protection of human & animal life & health, establish their measures on the basis of international standards, guidelines & recommendations
o Those international animal health measures which conform to international standards, guidelines & recommendation will be deemed necessary for the protection of human & animal life & health & considered to be in accordance with the SPS agreement
o The SPS agreement subsequently specifies that the expression “standards, guidelines and recommendations … for animal health & zoonoses” refers to the “standards, guidelines and recommendations developed under the auspices of OIE”

Question 8

the role of the WHO in public health?

Answer 8

o Providing leadership on matters critical to health & engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed
o Shaping the research agenda & stimulating the generation, translation & dissemination of valuable knowledge
o Settling norms & standards & promoting & monitoring their
implementation
o Articulating ethical & evidence-based policy options
o Providing technical support, catalysing change & building sustainable institutional capacity &
o Monitoring the health situation & assessing health trends

Question 9

the objective of the OECD

Answer 9

the mission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD) is to promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being
of people around the world

Question 10

the principles of the trading system

Answer 10

o Without discrimination: a country should not discriminate between its trading
partners; and it should not discriminate between its own and foreign products,
services or nationals
o Freer: with barriers coming down through negotiation
o Predictable: trade barriers (including tariffs, non-tariff barriers and other measures)
should not be raised arbitrarily; more and more tariff rates and market-opening
commitments are “bound” in the market
o More competitive: by discouraging “unfair” practices such as export subsidies and
dumping products at below cost to gain market share.
o More beneficial for less developed countries: by giving them more time to adjust,
greater flexibility, and special privileges.

Question 11

sanctions of the official veterinary office

Answer 11

 official restrictions
 exclusion from state compensation
 fine: animal health/animal welfare
 infringment
 criminal offence