Oxygenation

Question 1

What is pneumonia?

Answer 1

Excess fluid in the lungs from an INFLAMMATORY process (pneumonitis) that reduces gas exchange.

Occurs in the interstitial space, alveoli, and bronchioles

Question 2

Infectious Causative Agent(s) of Pneumonia:

Answer 2

1) S. pneumoniae
2) H. influenzae

Atypical bacteria:

1) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
2) Chlamydia pneumoniae
3) Legionella

Others:
Viruses Fungi, Rickettsiae, Protozoa, Helminths

Question 3

What are the Types of Pneumonia characterized by Location?

Answer 3

Lobar Pneumonia: consolidation in a segment or lobe

Bronchopneumonia: scattered patches around bronchi

Question 4

What are the Types of Pneumonia characterized by Environment?

Answer 4

Community-acquired PA
Healthcare-acquire PA: present >2 days after admit
Ventilator-acqired PA

Question 5

Noninfectious Causative Agent(s) of Pneumonia:

Answer 5

1) toxic gases
2) chemical fumes
3) smoke
4) aspiration (water/fluids, food, saliva, vomit)

Question 6

What are the Risk Factors for Pneumonia?

Answer 6

1) Age
2) Vaccination status (flu and pneumococcal)
3) Chronic health issues/immunocompromised
4) Tobacco use or exposure; ETOH use
5) Recent respiratory illness
6) Altered LOC
7) Aspiration risk (ET tube, tracheostomy, NG tube)
8) Poor nutritional status

Question 7

Pneumonia Diagnostic Tests

Answer 7

1) CXR
2) Sputum
3