Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NSG 320 (mcp) > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Main Focus for HIV?

A

PREVENTION!
Treatment IS Prevention!
-Keeping the Viral Load LOW!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is HIV Transmitted?

A
  1. Sexual Contact (Genital, Anal, Oral)
    - Anal has the highest risk!
    - “passive” partner (lol) at higher risk
  2. Parenteral (IV drug use, Bld transfusions, needlesticks)
  3. Perinatal (placenta, delivery, breast milk)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What Bodily fluids is HIV most likely to spread thru?

A
  1. Blood
  2. Semen
  3. Vaginal Secretions
  4. Breast Milk

Other bodily fluids would require drinking an entire bucket to pass it on…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prevention of HIV transmission via Sexual Contact:

A

(1) ABCD’s of safe sex
1. Abstinence (HAHA-yeah f’in right)
2. Being faithful
3. Condom use
4. Drugs… Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
- BEFORE coming into contact with HIV

(2) Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
- after coming into contact with HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prevention of HIV transmission via Parenteral Route: (4)

A
  1. Cleaning method for IV needles
  2. Needle Exchange programs
  3. PrEP –> Treatment is Prevention
  4. Blood donation screening (1978-1985)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prevention of HIV transmission via Perinatal (3)

A
  1. Drug therapy during pregnancy (25% to 8% risk)
  2. Cesarean delivery
  3. NO BREASTFEEDING!!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Babies born to HIV+ mothers should be treated with HIV medications for

A

4-6 weeks after delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Prevention of HIV Transmission for Healthcare Workers (3)

When should testing be performed post-needlestick?

A
  1. Use of Standard Precautions
  2. Sharps Injury Prevention Programs
  3. Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
    - TEST WITHIN 24 HOURS!!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Gold Standard test for HIV SCREENING?

A

4th Generation HIV Assay Testing

  • detects antibodies within 21 days
  • detects p24 antigen within 14 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who Should be Screened for HIV?

A
  1. ALL ADULTS at least once ages 13-65
  2. Prenatal screening
  3. ANNUAL screening for High-risk groups
    - sex workers, IV drug users, etc.
  4. More frequent testing with repeated high-risk exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What’s the next step in testing if 4th Gen. HIV Assay Test is Positive or Negative?

A

HIV+ –> Differentiate HIV-1 vs. HIV-2 then Viral load

HIV- –> NAT RNA Testing for an ACUTE HIV Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

HIV Home Testing Kits only test for what?

If Positive, what’s the next step?

A

ANTIBODIES

NEED to follow up with another test for confirmation!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does HIV Viral Load testing help us with? (2)

A
  1. HIV infectivity risk
    HIGHER THE LOAD –> HIGHER THE TRANSMISSION RISK
  2. Effectiveness of Treatment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does CD4 Count testing tell us?

A

Determines transition from HIV to AIDs (CD4 <200)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How often should someone with HIV be tested for Syphilis?

A

Annually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 Stages of HIV?

A

1) Acute HIV Infection (Symptomatic; flu-like Sxs)
- 2-4 wks post-exposure

2) Chronic HIV Infection (Asymptomatic)
- can last up to 10 years or indefinitely with medications

3) AaaaaaaIDS
- CD4 <200 and/or presence of opportunistic infection

17
Q

Which stage is a person MOST infective?

A

Stage I –> Acute HIV infection

-most contagious due to a high viral load!

18
Q

HIV Stages based on CD4 counts:

A

Stage I: CD4 count <500
Stage II: CD4 count b/t 200-499
Stage III: CD4 count <200 OR +AIDS-defining illness

19
Q

Assessment related to HIV

just a catch-all, don’t fret

A
    • Infections *
  2. Malignancies
  3. Endocrine problems
  4. Neurological problems
  5. Protein-wasting
    • AIDs specific; multi-factorial
    • GI issues, difficulty eating
  6. Skin problems
  7. Kidney problems
    • High risk of Kidney failure
  8. Support
  9. Current level of function
    • ADLs, etc.
20
Q

What is the main priority of care for HIV/AIDs patients?

Patients should be monitored on a routine basis for: (2)

A

Early detection (& subsequent) Management of Infections

Should be monitored on a routine basis for:

  1. immune function
  2. presence of infections/disease progression
21
Q

Nurse’s Role R/T Opportunistic Infections (OI’s):

A
  1. Assess for S/S of OI’s
  2. Assess how pt is responding to treatments of OI’s
    - Report Appropriately!
22
Q

What’s the #1 Intervention for preventing OI’s?

A

HANDWASHING

23
Q

What is the most common OI related to HIV?

A

Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia (PCP/PJP)

-fungal infection

24
Q

Treatment for PCP?

A
  1. Antibiotics (Bactrim DS)

2. Support–OXYGEN**, Positive pressure, etc.

25
Q

What patient teaching can we provide to prevent Toxoplasmosis encephalitis OI?

A
  1. Avoid cat litter
  2. Fully cook meats
  3. Neurologic S/S
26
Q

TB infection is associated with a CD4 count of ___, and cause a negative ___ test.

A

CD4 count <200; PPD test

Confirm with NAAT, CXR, sputum cultures, etc.

27
Q

Disseminated Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) is associated with a CD4 count of ___ and occurs in patients who aren’t on ____ ___.

A 
CD4 count <50 
Antiretroviral treatment (ART)
28
Q

Malignancies associated with HIV Infection

A 
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Lymphomas
  -Hodgkin’s B-cell, Immunoblastic, & Brain lymphoma
Cervical Cancer
Lung cancer
Anal Cancer (HPV)
GI Cancer
29
Q

What can we do to treat Kaposi’s Sarcoma?

A

Treat with ANTIRETROVIRALS

30
Q

How often should an HIV+ be screened for HPV?

A

Every 6 months via a Pap smear (vaginal or anal)

31
Q

Nursing Interventions for HIV:

A
  1. Education on how to prevent infections
    • No fresh plants or flowers
    • No visitors who are sick
  2. Monitor VS’s (especially temperature)
  3. Hand washing
  4. Inspect mouth, skin, & genitals for skin breakdown
  5. Avoid catheters
32
Q

Patient Education for HIV patients:

A
  1. Avoid contact with sick people
  2. Bathe daily with antibacterial soap
  3. Avoid sharing personal items
  4. Dietary changes (raw foods, etc.)
  5. Avoid pet litter
  6. Report S/S of infections EARLY to a provider
33
Q

Oxygenation Interventions

A
  1. Apply oxygen as needed/ prescribed
  2. Positioning (upright)
  3. Rest/Limiting activities
34
Q

Causes of Nutritional deficits related to HIV

A 
fatigue
anorexia
diarrhea
N/V
mucosal lesions/thrush
35
Q

Nutrition Interventions

A
  1. Determine the cause of nutritional deficits, then make adjustments
  2. Monitor weight and I&O
  3. Dietary changes
    - High calorie & protein diet
    - Low fat
  4. Provide small, frequent meals
  5. Mouth care
    - Sodium bicarbonate mouthwash
    - Soft toothbrush
  6. AVOID foods that can cause infections
    - raw veggies, meat, cheeses, etc.
36
Q

Diarrhea Interventions

“Diarrhea, here I go again”

A

IDENTIFY CAUSE!

  1. Symptom Management
  2. Drug therapy (Imodium)
  3. Food choices
    • Avoid alcohol and caffeine
    • Avoid dairy products
  4. Implement Small, frequent meals
  5. Adequate Fluid intake
  6. Skin assessment (mouth)
  7. Monitor I/O and weight daily
37
Q

Skin Integrity Interventions

A
  1. ART for Kaposi’s sarcoma (often responds)
  2. Topical Analgesics
  3. Prevent infections –MONITOR for skin breakdown
  4. Herpes simplex- clean with Normal Saline

Assess, assess, assess!

38
Q

Other Priority Nursing Interventions related to ADLs and Psychosocial:

A
  1. Identify the level of assistance needed
  2. Social support
  3. Patient and family education
  4. Dealing with social stigma
  5. “Peer-to-Peer” education on prevention

NSG 320 (mcp) (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions