Osteoporosis

Question 1

Osteoporosis

Answer 1

Chronic, metabolic bone loss resulting in decreased density and fracture

Decreased Bone Mineral Density (BDM) = decreased bone strength

Ultimately results in thin, fragile bones

Question 2

What bones are at highest risk for fractures related to Osteoporosis

Answer 2

Spine
Hips
Wrists

Question 3

What is Osteopenia?

Answer 3

“Pre-osteoporosis”

Low bone density that leads to osteoporosis

Question 4

What is the difference between Osteoporosis and Osteopenia?

Answer 4

Osteoclastic activity > Osteoblastic activity

Question 5

Bone Mineral Density is greatly affected by:

Answer 5

Hormone levels

Question 6

Generalized, Primary Osteoporosis causes:

Answer 6

MOST COMMON TYPE

1. Females post-menopause
2. Males 70-80-years old

Question 7

Generalized Secondary Osteoporosis causes:

Answer 7

Results from other conditions

1. Hyperparathyroidism
2. Steroids

Question 8

Regional Osteoporosis:

Answer 8

Results from prolonged immobility of a limb >8-12 weeks

• limbs in cast
• astronauts in a gravity-free environment

Question 9

Non-modifiable risk factors for Osteoporosis:

Answer 9

1. Age >50 (not mentioned, but duh)
2. Gender (women)
3. Certain conditions (hysterectomy)

Question 10

Modifiable Risk Factors for Osteoporosis:

Answer 10

1. Body weight (thin women at higher risk)
2. Low Ca/VitD diet
3. Smoking
4. Alcohol (>2 or more drinks/day)
5. Immobility and lack of exercise
6. Long-term medication use (Steroids**)
7. Estrogen and Androgen Deficiency

Question 11

Osteoporosis Prevention Education mainly targets what age group and gender?

Answer 11

Women <30 years

Want to “BUILD IT WHILE YOU CAN!”

Question 12

Osteoporosis Education for women >30 years of age aims to:

Answer 12

PREVENT further bone loss!

Question 13

Osteoporosis Prevention Education (7):

Answer 13

1. Diet
2. Sun Exposure
3. Vitamin D supplement
4. Limit carbonation (soda)
5. Promote weight-bearing/Strengthening exercise
6. Avoid excessive alcohol intake
7. Avoid smoking

Question 14

Focused History & Assessment for Osteoporosis:

Answer 14

1. Kyphosis (bone loss)
2. Shrinking Stature (bone loss)
3. Back pain (vertebral fractures possibly present)
4. Presence of compression vertebral fractures

Question 15

Osteoporosis Diagnostics:
What biochemical markers can we test for?
What do they tell us?

Answer 15

Serum calcium and Vitamin D

if DIETARY MODIFICATIONS are needed

Question 16

When would an X-ray be useful for diagnosing Osteoporosis?

Answer 16

After 25%-40% of bone loss has occurred

Question 17

What is the primary Screening and Diagnostic tool used for Osteoporosis?

Answer 17

DEXA SCAN!

Question 18

What does a Dexa Scan tell us?

Answer 18

BMD T-Score

-Represents the number of standard deviations from the average BMD of a young healthy person

Question 19

T-Score for Osteopenia:

Answer 19

Osteopenia = T-score at -1 and above -2.5

Question 20

T-Score for Osteoporosis:

Answer 20

Osteoporosis = T-score at or lower than -2.5

Question 21

When is BMD T-Score testing recommended?

Every __ years for people >/= ___ with (5):

Answer 21

every 2 years for people >/= 65 with:

(1) Low estrogen
(2) Vertebral abnormalities
(3) Long-term steroid use/Tx
(4) Hyperparathyroidism
(5) Currently on medication for osteoporosis

Question 22

What type of precautions are implemented related to Osteoporosis?

Answer 22

FALL PRECAUTIONS

Question 23

When is Drug therapy for osteoporosis implemented?

T-Score with/without risk factors

Answer 23

T-Score: < -2 WITHOUT risk factors

T-Score: