Oxygen Therapy and Lung Anatomy Flashcards
What are the major features of the lungs?
Bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
What are the alveoli?
Microscopic blood vessel-lined sacs in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
What is the pleural cavity composed of?
The layers of the membrane lining the lung and chest cavity
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2 lobes
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3 lobes
What are the pulmonary functions?
The lungs ability to exchange O2 and carbon dioxide efficiently
How is oxygen transported to the body tissues?
Through arterial blood
What is the function of the respiratory system?
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the external environment and circulatory system of the body
How long can a person last without O2?
4-6 minutes before irreversible brain damage
Without O2 what happens to cellular metabolism?
Cellular metabolism ceases and eventually death will occur
What is the radiographers role in O2 therapy?
Radiographer must be ready to respond to potentially dangerous changed in the patient’s respiratory condition
What should the radiographer reposition O2 equipment?
When the tubes could potentially cause artifacts on the image or become superimposed over anatomy
How should a radiographer ensure O2 therapy doesn’t become a source of infection?
Making sure the equipment is single use only and discarded after use
Under what conditions should O2 equipment be completely removed from patients?
Under NO circumstance should it be completely removed by radiographers
What is the goal of O2 therapy?
To maintain adequate tissue oxygenation while minimizing cardiopulmonary work
What are the 4 indications for O2 therapy?
NAME?
How can oxygen be supplied to a patient?
Via O2 tanks or wall delivery systems
What will happen if oxygen is given at 100%
It will cause damage to the lungs
What is the saturation of oxygen hemoglobin called?
SAO2
How is the flow rate of oxygen measured?
In LPM (liters per minute)
What is the standard oxygen flow rate?
3-5 LPM
What happens to O2 when oxygen flow rates are high?
They’re humidified to prevent excess drying of the mucosa
What are the two types of O2 devices?
Low flow and high flow devices
What are low flow devices also called?
Variable performance devices
What are high flow devices also called?
Fixed performance devices
Why are high flow delivery devices also called fixed performance devices?
Because the amount of concentration of O2 breathed in by the patient will not change according to their breathing patterns
What do high flow delivery devices provide to the patient?
Entire inspiratory volume
Why are low flow delivery devices called variable performance devices?
Because the percentage of O2 the patient receives will change with their breathing pattern, respiratory rate and depth of respiration
What do low flow delivery devices provide to the patient?
Only part of the inspiratory concentration as it’s dilated by room air
Which type of O2 delivery device should be used for patients with chronic COPD?
Low flow delivery device
What is an O2 nasal cannula?
A low flow device that is inserted into the nose to deliver O2 to the patient
How long can cannulas be used for oxygen therapy?
Short term or Long term use as they don’t obstruct the mouth
What is a usual flow rate for nasal cannula?
1-4 LPM at approximately 24-36%
Why are flow rates higher than 6 not used with nasal cannula?
Because it causes severe drying of the nasal mucosa and sinus pain
What are the 5 other types of oxygen masks?
NAME?
What is a simple oxygen mask?
A mask shaped to fit snugly over the patients mouth and nose that is secured in place by a strap
What is a simple oxygen mask?
A mask shaped to fit snugly over the patients mouth and nose that is secured in place by a strap
How long should simple oxygen masks be used?
For short term use only, as they become hot, uncomfortable and prevent the patient from eating/drinking while its on
What are the standard flow rates for simple oxygen masks?
Flow rates over 5 LPM that can be delivered at 35-60% oxygen
What is a non-rebreather mask?
An O2 mask with a reservoir bag attached to a one-way valve that prevents exhaled air from being re-breathed
What are features of non-rebreather masks?
Provide the highest concentration of oxygen and are the most precise mean of oxygen administration
What is a partial rebreather mask?
Similar to a non-rebreather mask in that it has a reservoir, but it does not contain a one-way valve
What is an aerosol mask?
O2 mask that is used when high concentration of O2 and humidity are needed
How does an aerosol mask work?
It’s attached to a bottle of distilled water to provide the high concentrations of humidity
What are the standard flow rates of aerosol masks?
Flow rates less than 6 LPM and O2 concentrations between 21-100%
What is an air-entrainment mask?
An O2 mask that provides an accurate source of maintaining O2 concentrations
What are the O2 concentration values of an air-entrainment mask?
24%, 28%, 35%, 40% or 50%
What is an oxygen tent?
O2 delivery device that is used when there is need fir humidity and higher concentrations of O2 than the room air
Who primarily uses oxygen tents?
Pediatric patients so that it covers their beds
What is an oxygen hood?
An O2 delivery device only used for infants by covering their head
What O2 concentrations can be delivered by an oxygen hood?
Concentrations between 21-100%
What is a ventilator?
An artificial airway inserted into the trachea and connected to a mechanical device to deliver a preset volume of oxygen therapy at a constant rate
What are mechanical ventilators commonly called?
Respirators
What does mechanical ventilators control?
- Respiratory rate
- Volume
What should be done if ventilator alarms go off during imaging?
Should never be reset or turned off by an RT
