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1127 Final Review > Oxygen Therapy and Lung Anatomy > Flashcards

Oxygen Therapy and Lung Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major features of the lungs?

A

Bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli

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2
Q

What are the alveoli?

A

Microscopic blood vessel-lined sacs in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

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3
Q

What is the pleural cavity composed of?

A

The layers of the membrane lining the lung and chest cavity

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4
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2 lobes

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5
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3 lobes

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6
Q

What are the pulmonary functions?

A

The lungs ability to exchange O2 and carbon dioxide efficiently

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7
Q

How is oxygen transported to the body tissues?

A

Through arterial blood

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8
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the external environment and circulatory system of the body

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9
Q

How long can a person last without O2?

A

4-6 minutes before irreversible brain damage

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10
Q

Without O2 what happens to cellular metabolism?

A

Cellular metabolism ceases and eventually death will occur

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11
Q

What is the radiographers role in O2 therapy?

A

Radiographer must be ready to respond to potentially dangerous changed in the patient’s respiratory condition

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12
Q

What should the radiographer reposition O2 equipment?

A

When the tubes could potentially cause artifacts on the image or become superimposed over anatomy

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13
Q

How should a radiographer ensure O2 therapy doesn’t become a source of infection?

A

Making sure the equipment is single use only and discarded after use

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14
Q

Under what conditions should O2 equipment be completely removed from patients?

A

Under NO circumstance should it be completely removed by radiographers

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15
Q

What is the goal of O2 therapy?

A

To maintain adequate tissue oxygenation while minimizing cardiopulmonary work

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16
Q

What are the 4 indications for O2 therapy?

A

NAME?

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17
Q

How can oxygen be supplied to a patient?

A

Via O2 tanks or wall delivery systems

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18
Q

What will happen if oxygen is given at 100%

A

It will cause damage to the lungs

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19
Q

What is the saturation of oxygen hemoglobin called?

A

SAO2

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20
Q

How is the flow rate of oxygen measured?

A

In LPM (liters per minute)

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21
Q

What is the standard oxygen flow rate?

A

3-5 LPM

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22
Q

What happens to O2 when oxygen flow rates are high?

A

They’re humidified to prevent excess drying of the mucosa

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23
Q

What are the two types of O2 devices?

A

Low flow and high flow devices

24
Q

What are low flow devices also called?

A

Variable performance devices

25
Q

What are high flow devices also called?

A

Fixed performance devices

26
Q

Why are high flow delivery devices also called fixed performance devices?

A

Because the amount of concentration of O2 breathed in by the patient will not change according to their breathing patterns

27
Q

What do high flow delivery devices provide to the patient?

A

Entire inspiratory volume

28
Q

Why are low flow delivery devices called variable performance devices?

A

Because the percentage of O2 the patient receives will change with their breathing pattern, respiratory rate and depth of respiration

29
Q

What do low flow delivery devices provide to the patient?

A

Only part of the inspiratory concentration as it’s dilated by room air

30
Q

Which type of O2 delivery device should be used for patients with chronic COPD?

A

Low flow delivery device

31
Q

What is an O2 nasal cannula?

A

A low flow device that is inserted into the nose to deliver O2 to the patient

32
Q

How long can cannulas be used for oxygen therapy?

A

Short term or Long term use as they don’t obstruct the mouth

33
Q

What is a usual flow rate for nasal cannula?

A

1-4 LPM at approximately 24-36%

34
Q

Why are flow rates higher than 6 not used with nasal cannula?

A

Because it causes severe drying of the nasal mucosa and sinus pain

35
Q

What are the 5 other types of oxygen masks?

A

NAME?

36
Q

What is a simple oxygen mask?

A

A mask shaped to fit snugly over the patients mouth and nose that is secured in place by a strap

37
Q

What is a simple oxygen mask?

A

A mask shaped to fit snugly over the patients mouth and nose that is secured in place by a strap

38
Q

How long should simple oxygen masks be used?

A

For short term use only, as they become hot, uncomfortable and prevent the patient from eating/drinking while its on

39
Q

What are the standard flow rates for simple oxygen masks?

A

Flow rates over 5 LPM that can be delivered at 35-60% oxygen

40
Q

What is a non-rebreather mask?

A

An O2 mask with a reservoir bag attached to a one-way valve that prevents exhaled air from being re-breathed

41
Q

What are features of non-rebreather masks?

A

Provide the highest concentration of oxygen and are the most precise mean of oxygen administration

42
Q

What is a partial rebreather mask?

A

Similar to a non-rebreather mask in that it has a reservoir, but it does not contain a one-way valve

43
Q

What is an aerosol mask?

A

O2 mask that is used when high concentration of O2 and humidity are needed

44
Q

How does an aerosol mask work?

A

It’s attached to a bottle of distilled water to provide the high concentrations of humidity

45
Q

What are the standard flow rates of aerosol masks?

A

Flow rates less than 6 LPM and O2 concentrations between 21-100%

46
Q

What is an air-entrainment mask?

A

An O2 mask that provides an accurate source of maintaining O2 concentrations

47
Q

What are the O2 concentration values of an air-entrainment mask?

A

24%, 28%, 35%, 40% or 50%

48
Q

What is an oxygen tent?

A

O2 delivery device that is used when there is need fir humidity and higher concentrations of O2 than the room air

49
Q

Who primarily uses oxygen tents?

A

Pediatric patients so that it covers their beds

50
Q

What is an oxygen hood?

A

An O2 delivery device only used for infants by covering their head

51
Q

What O2 concentrations can be delivered by an oxygen hood?

A

Concentrations between 21-100%

52
Q

What is a ventilator?

A

An artificial airway inserted into the trachea and connected to a mechanical device to deliver a preset volume of oxygen therapy at a constant rate

53
Q

What are mechanical ventilators commonly called?

A

Respirators

54
Q

What does mechanical ventilators control?

A
  1. Respiratory rate
  2. Volume
55
Q

What should be done if ventilator alarms go off during imaging?

A

Should never be reset or turned off by an RT

1127 Final Review (13 decks)

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