Ownership

Question 1

Curran

Answer 1

• found in 1937 that 4 men known as ‘press barons’ owned nearly 1 in 2 national and local newspapers
  In 2002 just 3 publishers controlled 2/3rds of national newspapers sold in the UK

Question 2

Bagdikan

Answer 2

• Found in 1983 that 50 corporations controlled the vast majority of news media in the USA
  22 companies owned and controlled 90% of mass media

Question 3

Horizontal integration

Answer 3

a strategy in which companies gain ownership of other related companies in the same industry

Question 4

Pluralism: Whale

Answer 4

media owners have global problems of trade and investment to occupy their minds’

Question 5

Curran

Answer 5

owners present news which agrees with their values

Question 6

Trowler

Answer 6

500 journalists were embedded with embedded with soldiers during Iraq invasion leading to biased reporting as they formed attachments with soldiers

Question 7

Miliband - Marxism

Answer 7

takes a manipulative approach to ownership. Rather than it reflecting the views and wishes of the audience, they see the media as an ideological instrument to transmit ruling-class ideology.

Question 8

Curran

Answer 8

Press barons - It is suggested Murdoch controls his companies news output; all his news outlets supported Iraq in 2003, a war he personally supported

Question 9

The levenson inquiry

Answer 9

investigated culture, practice and ethics of the press. It uncovered a range of links between media owners and government, with media support given to political parties in return for government favourable to the interest of owners

Question 10

Neo Marxism: Sutton trust report

Answer 10

out of 100 journalists, 54% were independently educated

Question 11

GUMG - Neo Marxism

Answer 11

middle of the road consensus view’ is shown to attract advertisers
However some journalists will go against this if they came make profit (e’g Hancock)

Question 12

Curran - Neo Marxism

Answer 12

journalists are moderately influence whose objectivity and impartiality is undermined by the labor market (e.g. trend of unemployment amount journalists

Question 13

Barnett and Weymour

Answer 13

Tv since the 70s has been significantly dumbed down ( like realities shows over documentaries)
‘Fallacy of choice’: think have a lot of choice in the media but it’s the same dumbed down content

Question 14

Hall

Answer 14

Hierarchy of credibility and primary refiners