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Wine - Old World Regions > OW - FR - Rhone Valley and Southern France > Flashcards

OW - FR - Rhone Valley and Southern France Flashcards

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1
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

??”Where and when did the Greeks originally colonize the Rhone?”

A

Massalia (Marseilles) in 600 BC

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2
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

When did the Romans arrive in the Rhone and what were their influences?

A

125 BC

Used the Rhone to ship Viennese vinum picatum to Rome

Installed terracing

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3
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

When did Pope Clement V move his court from Rome to Avignon? When did it move back to Rome?

A

1309

1378

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4
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What happened to the wine trade in the Rhone in the 17th century?

A

Rhone wines were carried to the Loire and by the 18th century they were exported to England.

Many Bordeaux merchants blended the famous Hermitage wines to add body.

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5
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What was the first region in France to be struck by Phylloxera?

A

Southern Rhone in 1863

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6
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Who was the Baron du Roy?

A

Baron of Chateauneuf-du-Pape and started wine laws in 1923 to prevent fraud. Eventually became basis of AOC laws and Chateauneuf-du-Pape became the first AOC.

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7
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is the climate of the Northern Rhone?

A

Continetal

Mistral from the Massif Central in winter and spring dries vineyards

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8
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the soils and aspect of the Northern Rhone

A

Steep slopes with heat-retaining granite and schist soils - many vineyards in Cote-Rotie, Condrieu and Hermitage are carved out of bedrock.

Fine sand is prone to erosion, although Condrieu has rich decomposed mica known as arzelle. Clay soils dominate in the southern part of the northern Rhone

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9
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the grape varietals of the Northern Rhone?

A

Viognier

Roussane

Marsanne

Syrah

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10
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Taille en Archet?

A

Vine staking to protect against le Mistral.

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11
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the typical notes of Syrah from the Northern Rhone?

A

Savory notes of smoke, grilled meat, olive, lavender, peppercorn, bacon fat, teriyaki.

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12
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are foudres?

A

150 HL or greater oak casks used to ferment and age wine in the Rhone.

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13
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the main appellations for the Northern Rhone?

A

Cote Rotie

Condrieu

 Chateau Grillet

St Joseph

Hermitage

Crozes-Hermitage

Cornas

St Peray

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14
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is co-fermentation and why is it used in the Northern Rhone?

A

Fermentation of different varietals together. For the blend of whites and reds in the Rhone, it stabilizes red wine color and moderates tannin extraction.

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15
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the allowed varietals in Cote Rotie?

A

Red - Syrah with 20% Viognier

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16
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the allowed varietals in Condrieu?

A

White - Viognier

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17
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Chateu Grillet?

A

Small appellation on Condrieu that is 100% Viognier

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18
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the allowed varietals in St Joseph?

A

Red - Syrah with 10% Marsanne/Roussanne

White - Marsanne/Roussanne

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19
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the allowed varietals in Hermitage?

A

Red - Syrah with up to 15% Marsanne/Roussanne

White - Marsanne/Roussanne

Hermitage is a prominent hill

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20
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the allowed varietals in Crozes-Hermitage?

A

Red - Syrah with up to 15% Marsanne/Roussanne

White - Marsanne/Roussanne

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21
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the allowed varietals in Cornas?

A

Syrah only

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22
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the allowed varietals in St Peray?

A

Sparkling wines from Roussanne/Marsanne

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23
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Describe Cote Rotie AOP.

A

Northernost appellation in Northern Rhone

Steep vineyards, 55 degrees

Rises up a southeasterly aspect behind Ampuis.

2 Slopes near Apuils are most famous (Cote Brune and Cote Blonde)

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24
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Describe Hermitage

A

Prominent hill near Tain-l’Hermitage.

Produces rich reds.

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25
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Describe Cornas AOP?

A

Typically rustic wines slow to develop in the bottle.

Warmest vineyards of Northern Rhone

Naked granite soil

Relatively shielded from le mistral.

Use of demi-muids (600 L barrels)

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26
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Describe St-Joseph

A

Variable wines, with appellation’s borders greatly enlarged from commune of Tournon-sur-Rhone.

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27
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Describe the sparkling wines of St Peray.

A

Methode traditionelle mousseux

Often blended

Roussanne adds acidity and waxy minerality

Marsanne adds broader, oily texture and marzipan character

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28
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is vin de paille?

A

Apassimento dessert wine from Hermitage.

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29
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the smaller appellations in the Northern Rhone?

A

Coteaux de Die

Cremant de Die

Clairette de Die

Chatillon-en-Diois

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30
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Describe Condrieu.

A

Small appellation for Viognier with widely varying styles.

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31
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Cremant de Die?

A

MT wine made near Die in the northern Rhone mostly from Clairette but can have Aligote, Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains

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32
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Coteaux de Die?

A

White wine appellation from Clairette in the northern Rhone

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33
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is special about Clairette de Die?

A

Can be made MT (100% Clairette) with 15g/l or Methode Dioise Ancestrale (25% Clairette/75% Muscat a Petit Grans) which has tank disgorgement and then rebottled without disgorgement and with 35 g/l

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34
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Chatillon-en-Diois?

A

Anomalous AOP in the Rhone with Gamay based reds and roses and whites based on Aligote and Chardonnay

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35
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Describe the climate of the Southern Rhone.

A

Medeterranean with mistral and sirocco. Hot summers with large diurnal swings and heavy autumn rains with mild winters.

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36
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is garrigue?

A

Scrubland of the southern Rhone.

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37
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Describe the soils of the Southern Rhone.

A

Alluvium over limestone. Lots of sand, gravel and clay along with quartzite galets.

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38
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the white grapes of the Southern Rhone?

A

Roussanne

Clairette

Picpoul

Bourboulenc

Grenache Blanc

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39
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the red grapes typically found in the Southern Rhone

A

Syrah

Grenache

Mourvedre

Cinsault

Counoise

Terret Noir

Vaccarese

Muscardin

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40
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the main appellations for the Southern Rhone?

A

Cotes-du-Rhone

Cotes-du-Rhone Villages

Tavel

Chateauneuf-due-Pape

Gigondas

Vacqueyras

Lirac

Beaumes-de-Venise

Vinsobres

Rasteau

Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise

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41
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is special about Chateauneuf-du-Pape?

A

Can be made with 13 different grapes, with whites only, reds or even 100% of certain varietals.

Must have 12.5% alcohol (highest in all of France)

Large area with 300 hectares

Some foudres, some bottling on demand, some carbonic, some barrique

42
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Describe Gigondas

A

Elevated from CDRV in 1971

Reds and roses with min 50% max 80% Grenache (and typically Syrah/Mourvedre - other varietals are 10% of plantings max)

43
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Describe Vacqueyras

A

Elevated from CDRV in 1990

Reds from Grenache blends with Syrah, Mourvedre, Clairette and Bourboulenc

44
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Describe Beaumes-de-Venise and Vinsobres

A

Elevated in 2005 and 2006 from CDRV.

Min 50% Grenache

45
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Describe Lirac

A

Red, white and roses from Grenach Noir and Blanc

46
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Describe Tavel

A

Only communal appellation in France dedicated to Rose

Grenache-based

47
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Muscat de Baumes-de-Venise?

A

Vin Doux Naturel

Produced through mutage where grape spirit is added to arrest fermentation

Frech and aromatic

Grapes - Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains and Muscat Rouge a Petits Grains

48
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Rasteau?

A

Vin Doux Naturel produced through mutage

More tawny flavors

Ambre- white aged min 3 yrs

Tuile - red aged min 3 yrs

Hors d’age min 5 yrs

Fresh - blanc and grenat

Rancio - deliberately oxidized style

Grapes

 Blanc - Grenache Blanc and Grenache Gris

 Ambre - Grenache, Grenache Gris, Grenache Blanc

 Rouge - Min 75 Grenache, plus Grenache Blanc and Gris

 All can have accessory varieties
49
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is significant about the Grignan-les-Adhemar AOP?

A

Northernmost Southern Rhone AOP. Renamed in 2010 because used to share a name with the troubled Tricastin nuclear power plant.

50
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the minor AOPs of the Southern Rhone?

A

C?tes du Vivarais

Luberon

Ventoux

Pierrevert

Costi?res de N?mes

Clairette de Bellegarde

51
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the famous estates of Chateauneuf-du-Pape?

A

Chateau de Beaucastel Rouge (Mourvedre + 12 other varietals)

Chateau Rayas (100% Grenache)

Chateau La Nerthe (First estate CNDP in 1785)

52
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Describe the climate of Provence

A

Medeterranean, warm and dry

53
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is the major appellation and wine of Provence?

A

Cotes de Provence

75% of all Provence wine

Rose with a minimum of 20% saignee

Must be a blend of 2 varieties (typically Cinsault, Grenache, Mourvedre, Syrah and local garrigue-scented Tibouren)

54
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is the name of the traditional bottle of Provence?

A

Skittle

55
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the three sub-zone designations for the Cotes de Provence? Can they have reds or whites or roses?

A

La Londe

Sainte-Victorie

Frejus

Rose and Reds

56
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Bandol?

A

Appellation with Provence

Rose

Whites from Clairette

Red blends 50% Mourvedre (Grenache, Cinsault, Syrah, Carignan) with a min 18 months in oak - plummy, dense, animal

57
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Les Baux de Provence AOP?

A

Former subappellation of Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provance

Warm hilltop appellation protected from Mistral

Reds and Rose from Grenache, Syrah and Cinsault

2011 added whites based on Grenache Blanc, Clairette, Vermentino and Roussanne

58
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are Cassis, Palette, Bellett and Coteaux Varois en Provance?

A

Appellations within Provence

Produce wines from all three colors

59
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is significant about the Cotes de Provence AOP

A

In flux with a lot of new regulations about encepagement making some producers resort to Vin de Pays

Only area outside of Bordeaux to publish a listing of Grand Cru Classe estates - 23 originally in 1955

60
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the AOPs of Provence?

A

Codes de Provence

Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence

Les Baux de Provence

Coteaux Varois en Provence

Bandol

Bellet

Cassis

Palette

61
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the AOPs of Corsica?

A

Vin de Corse

Muscat du Cap Corse

Patrimonio

Ajaccio

62
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the grapes of Corsica?

A

Carignan

Alicante Bouschet

Nielluccio (Sang variant)

Sciarello

Vermentino

Grenache

Barbarossa

Ugni Blanc

Many other Rhone Grapes

63
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the grapes in Vin de Corse AOP?

A

Nielluccio, Sciarello, Grenache, Barbaross and other Rhone Grapes for reds and roses

64
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the grapes in white Vin de Corse?

A

Vermentino

Ugni Blanc

65
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is the VDN of Corsica?

A

Muscat du Cap Corse

66
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the AOPs of the Eastern Languedoc?

A

Berlou (Red)

Clairette de Bellegarde

Clairette de Languedoc

Coteaux du Languedoc Pic Saint Loup

Costeres di Nimes

Faugeres (Red)

Languedoc (R/W/R)

Muscat de Frontignan (W/Fort)

Muscat de Lunel

Muscat de Mireval

Roquebrun (Red)

St-Chinan (R/W/R)

67
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the AOPs of the Western Languedoc?

A

Cabardes (R/R)

Cotes de Malepere (Red)

Corberes (Red)

Corberes-Boutenac (Red)

Fitou (Red)

La Clape

Languedoc

Limoux (W/Spark)

Malepere (R/R)

Minervois (Red/W/R)

Minervois La Liviniere (Red)

Muscat de St-Jean Minervois (W/Fort)

Rivesaltes

68
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the AOPS of Roussillon?

A

Banyuls Grand Cru (Red/Fort)

Banyuls (Red/Fort)

Collioure (Red)

Cotes de Roussillon

Cotes de Roussillon-Villages (Red)

Maury (W/Red)

Muscat de Rivesaltes (W/Fort)

Rivesaltes (W/Red)

69
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Where are most of the quality AOPs in the Languedoc?

A

Western

70
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the two districts of the Fitou AOP? What are their wines like?

A

Maritime

Montagneux

Carignan dominated

71
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

The Fitou AOP is a sub-AOP of what?

A

Corbieres AOP

72
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the sub-zones of Corbieres AOP?

A

Fitou

Corbieres-Boutenac

All based on Carignan

73
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is the encepagement of Cabardes AOP in the Languedoc?

A

Grenache, Syrah and Bordeauxs

74
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is the encepagement of Malepere? WHen was it elevated?

A

Min 50% Merlot and Cab Franc

2006

75
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the two sub-zones of St-Chinian?

A

Berlou

Roquebrun

76
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the varietals for Limoux?

A

Still Red - Merlot

Still White - Chard, Chenin, Mauzac (fermented in oak)

Blanquette - min 90% Mauzac

Cremant - Max 20% Mauzac and PN (otherwise Chard & Pinot Blanc)

77
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the prominent sub-appellations for Languedoc AOP? How many are there in total?

A

Terrasses du Larzac

La Clape

Pic-St-Loup

16

78
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is the typical blend for a Languedoc AOP red?

A

min 50% combined Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre and Lladoner Pelut, but makeup varies by sub-appellation

79
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the fortified wine appellations of the Languedoc?

A

Muscat de Mireval

Muscat de Lunel

Muscat de St-Jean-de-Minervois

Muscat de Frontignan

80
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What percentage of France’s fortified wines are made in the Roussillon?

A

Over 90%

81
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is the largest producing fortified wine AOP in the Roussillon and what are it’s styles?

A

Rivesaltes AOP

VDN

Ambre, tuile (oxidized and released March 1 3rd year after harvest)

Grenat (aged reductively 1 year and released after March 1st on 2nd year)

Rose

Hors d’Age (5 years min)

82
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are bonbonnes?

A

Glass containers used to age wine in Roussillon

83
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the allowed grapes in Rivesaltes AOP?

A

Grenache (Noir/Gris/Blanc)

Maccabeo

Tourbat

Muscat of Alexandria

Muscat a Petit Grans

When using muscat only may be named Muscat de Rivesaltes AOP

84
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is mutage?

A

Adding spirit to create VDL or VDN

Invented in 13th century in Rivesaltes by Arnaud de Villeneuve in 13th century

85
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are other important VDNs in France?

A

Maury (range in styles from Grenache N/B/G)

Banyuls (at least 50% Grenache N)

Banuyls Grand Cru (at least 75% Grenache N)

86
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What AOP releases unfortified Banyuls wines?

A

Collioure AOP

87
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What types of wines are in Maury AOP?

A

VDN

Dry red allowed as of 2011

88
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Cotes du Roussillon Les Aspres AOP?

A

Syrah and Mourvedre based red wines

Elevated in 2003

89
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Cotes du Roussillon-Villages AOP?

A

Red wines of 32 communes to the north of Les Aspres

90
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is the overall classification for the Languedoc?

A

Vin de Pays d’Oc

91
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Bergerac AOP?

A

Region in the SW of France

Produces R/W/R from Bordeaux varieties

Sec denotes dry whites

92
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Cotes de Bergerac AOP?

A

Similar to Bergerac but requries higher minimum alcohol.

93
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Pecharmant AOP?

A

Produces longest lived reds in Bergerac from Cab Franc, Sav, Merlot and Cot

Must have at least 3 varieties and no grape may be more than 65%

94
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the sweet wines of Bergerac AOP?

A

Monbazillac (most noted, botrytised with multiple tries)

Saussignac

Rosette

Haut-Montravel

Cotes de Montravel

95
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What are the AOPs of Bergerac?

A

Bergerac

Cotes de Bergerac

Pecharmant

Monbazillac

Saussignac

Rosette

Haut-Montravel

Cotes de Montravel

Montravel

96
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Montravel AOP?

A

In Bergerac, produces dry whites and reds

97
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Cahors AOP?

A

AOP in SW France

On Lot river

Min 70% Malbec with Tannat and Merlot

98
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Madrian AOP?

A

AOP in Gascogny

Very tannic wines

60-80 Tannat, plus Cab Franc, Cab Sav and Fer

99
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

Who invented micro-oxygenation?

A

Patrick Ducournau in the early 1990s to soften Tannat in Madrian

100
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOP?

A

Semi-sweet and sweet wines from Madrian in the Pyrenees

Petit Manseng, Petit Courbu, Arrufiac

101
Q

Rhone Valley and Southern France

What is the significance of the Gaillac AOP?

A

Vineyards are among the oldest in France, founded by the Romans.

Wine - Old World Regions (11 decks)

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