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OW - FR - Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

Bordeaux

What is the INAO?

A

Institut National des Appellations d’Origine
Created in 1935 to delimit and enforce France’s appellation system
In 2007 became the L’Institut National de l’Origine et de la Qualite
Instituted AOP in 2009

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2
Q

Bordeaux

What is VINIFLHOR?

A

Governmental agricultural office that oversees Vin de Pays/IGP

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3
Q

Bordeaux

What are the Vin de Pays/IGP zones in France?

A 
Pays d'Oc IGP (Languedoc-Roussillon)
Val de Loire IGP (Loire)
Comtes Rhodaniens IGP (N Rhone, Jura, Savoie)
Mediterranee IGP (SE France)
Comte Tolosan IGP (Sud-Ouest)
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4
Q

Bordeaux

What are the historical English ties to Bordeaux?

A

1152 Henry II marries Elanor of Aquitane (rules until 1453)
Exports halted during 100 yrs War and black teath
War of Spanish Succession

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5
Q

Bordeaux

What are courtiers?

A

Wine brokers in Bordeaux
Supplied chateaux with financial backing
Gained total control of wine trade in 18th century

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6
Q

Bordeaux

What is en primeur?

A

Futures sales

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7
Q

Bordeaux

What is the climate of Bordeaux?

A

Maritime
Short winters, frost and moist springs, hot summers, moist autumns
Protected from wind by the Landes pine forest
Rain at harvest

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8
Q

Bordeaux

What are the rivers in Bordeaux

A

The Garonne and the Dorgogne are both tributaries of the Gironde

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9
Q

Bordeaux

What general types of wine are allowed in Bordeaux AOP?

A

Red
White
Rose
Clairet - darker, more aromatic style of rose that evokes the original claret

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10
Q

Bordeaux

What are the generic appellations for Bordeaux?

A

Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Superieur AOP
Cremant de Bordeaux AOP

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11
Q

Bordeaux

What are the allowed grapes for Bordeaux AOP red?

A 
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc
Petit Verdot
Malbec
Carmenere
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12
Q

Bordeaux

What is the most widely planted grape in Bordeaux?

A

Merlot

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13
Q

Bordeaux

What are the allowed grapes in Bordeaux AOP white?

A 
Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle
Accessories (30%)
Ugni Blanc
Merlot Blanc
Colombard
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14
Q

Bordeaux

What are the typical aromatics on Bordeaux blanc?

A

Creamy, waxy texture

Aromas of honey and beeswax

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15
Q

Bordeaux

How long do wines usually age in Bordeaux?

A

22 months for red

16 months for white

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16
Q

Bordeaux

What is the Medoc AOP?

A

Covers entire left bank of Gironde
50 miles stretching north form Bordeaux
Allows only red wine
More Merlot with the clay soils of the Bas-Medoc

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17
Q

Bordeaux

What are jalles?

A

Drainage ditches in the Medoc

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18
Q

Bordeaux

What is the Bas-Medoc?

A

Northern part of the Medoc

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19
Q

Bordeaux

What is the Haut-Medoc AOP and what are its communes?

A 
Narrow corridor of land on the left bank
Saint-Estephe
Pauillac
St-Julien
Listrac-Medoc
Moulis-en-Medoc
Margaux
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20
Q

Bordeaux

What is the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux? Who commissioned it?

A

Commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III

Ranked top properties by price from 1st through 5th growths

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21
Q

Bordeaux

What Chateau was elevated in 1973?

A

Chateau Mouton-Rothschild

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22
Q

Bordeaux

How many 1er Crus are in Bordeaux?

A

5 (Originally 4)

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23
Q

Bordeaux

What are the 1er Crus of Bordeaux?

A 
Chateau Lafite Rothschild
Chateau Latour
Chateau Mouton Rothschild
Chateaux Margaux
Chateau Haut-Brion
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24
Q

Bordeaux

How many 2er Crus are in Bordeaux?

A

14

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25
Q

Bordeaux

What are the 2er Crus in Bordeaux?

A 
Chateau Cos d'Estournel (STE)
Chateau Montrose (STE)
Chateau Pichon Longueville Baron (PAU)
Chateau Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande (PAU)
Chateau Leoville-Las Cases (STJ)
Chateau Leoville-Poyferre (STJ)
Chateau Leoville-Barton (STJ)
Chateau Gruaud-Larose (STJ)
Chateau Ducru-Beaucaillou (STJ)
Chateau Rauzan-Segla (MAR)
Chateau Rauzan-Gassies (MAR)
Chateau Durfort-Vivens (MAR)
Chateau Lascombes (MAR)
Chateau Brane-Cantenac (MAR)
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26
Q

Bordeaux

How many 3er Crus are in Bordeaux?

A

14

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27
Q

Bordeaux

What are the 3er Crus in Bordeaux?

A 
Chateau Calon-Segur (STE)
Chateau Lagrange (STJ)
Chateau Langoa-Barton (STJ)
Chateau Kirwan (MAR)
Chateau d'Issan (MAR)
Chateau Giscours (MAR)
Chateau Malescot St Exupery (MAR)
Chateau Cantenac-Brown (MAR)
Chateau Boyd-Cantenac (MAR)
Chateau Palmer (MAR)
Chateau Desmirail (MAR)
Chateau Dubignon (MAR)
Chateau Ferriere (MAR)
Chateau Marquis d'Alesme Becker (MAR)
Chateau La Langue (Haut-Medoc)
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28
Q

Bordeaux

What is Cru Artisan?

A

Designation used for nearly 150 years
Formally recognized in 2002
From 2005 forward, 44 small Medoc producers can use it.

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29
Q

Bordeaux

What is Cru Bourgeois?

A

Originally introduced in 1944
Classified 444 properties into 3 categories: Cru Bourgeois, Cru Bourgeois Superieur, Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel
Not official until 2003, when only 247 retained status
Legal action nullified the classification
Re-introduced in 2008 but no Exceptionnel or Superieur

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30
Q

Bordeaux

What are the typical soils of the Medoc?

A

Gravel

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31
Q

Bordeaux

What are the typical soils of St Emilion?

A

Gravel over limestone

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32
Q

Bordeaux

What are the typical soils of Pomerol?

A

Iron pan under sand and clay

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33
Q

Bordeaux

What is St-Estephe AOP?

A

Northenmost commune of Haut Medoc

Sturdy, full bodied reds with higher percentage of Merlot due to clay in the gravel

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34
Q

Bordeaux

What are the 1-3 growths of St-Estephe AOP?

A

Chateau Cos d’Estournel 2
Chateau Montrose 2
Chateau Calon-Segur 3

35
Q

Bordeaux

What is Pauillac AOP?

A

Considered classic claret
Gravel topsoil is deepest
Structured and long-lived wines

36
Q

Bordeaux

What are the 1st growths of Pauillac?

A

Chateau Lafite Rothschild (aromatics and elegance)
Chateau Mouton-Rothschild
Chateau Latour (depth and concentration)

37
Q

Bordeaux

What are the 1-3 growths of Pauillac?

A 
Chateau Lafite Rothschild 1
Chateau Mouton-Rothschild 1
Chateau Latour 1
Chateau Pichon Longueville Baron 2
Chateau Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande
38
Q

Bordeaux

What is St-Julien AOP?

A

Smallest commune in Left Bank but largest percentage of classified growths
Style combines elegance of Pauillac with sturdyness of St-Estephe

39
Q

Bordeaux

What are the 1-3 growths of St-Julien?

A

Chateau Leoville-Las Cases 2 (super second)
Chateau Leoville-Poyferre 2
Chateau Leoville Barton 2
Chateau Gruaud-Larose 2
Chateau Ducru-Beaucaillou 2 (super second)
Chateau Lagrange 3
Chateau Lagona Barton 3

40
Q

Bordeaux

What are Listrac-Medoc AOP and Mouils-en-Medoc AOP?

A

Lesser appellations in the Medoc without classified growths
Can produce good values in better vintages
Chateau Chasse-Spleen in Moulis is most famous estate of either commune

41
Q

Bordeaux

What is Margaux AOP? What is the soil like? How many classified growths does it have?

A

Largest communal appellation of Medoc
Most southerly
Thinnest soil with the highest proportion to gravel
More variety in soil
Wine more susceptible to overall vintage quality
More classified growths (21) than any other commune

42
Q

Bordeaux

What is the 1st growth of Margaux?

A

Chateau Margaux

43
Q

Bordeaux

What are the 2nd growths of Margaux?

A 
Chateau Rauzan-Segla (MAR)
Chateau Rauzan-Gassies
Chateau Durfort-Vivens
Chateau Lascombes
Chateau Brane-Cantenac
44
Q

Bordeaux

What are the 3rd growths of Margaux?

A 
Chateau Kirwan
Chateau d'Issan
Chateau Giscours
Chateau Malescot St Exupery
Chateau Cantenac-Brown
Chateau Boyd-Cantenac
Chateau Palmer
Chateau Desmirail
Chateau Dubignon
Chateau Ferriere
Chateau Marquis d'Alesme Becker
45
Q

Bordeaux

What are villages of Margaux?

A 
Soussans
Margaux
Cantenac
Labarde
Arsac
46
Q

Bordeaux

What are the appellations of the Medoc?

A 
Medoc AOP
Haut-Medoc AOP
St-Estephe AOP
Pauillac AOP
St-Julien AOP
Listrac-Medoc AOP
Moulis-en-Medoc AOP
Margaux AOP
47
Q

Bordeaux

What is the first recorded example of a chateau?

A

Ho-Bryan in 1663 in Graves

48
Q

Bordeaux

What is the first identifiable vineyard in Graves?

A

Chateau Pape-Clement, a papal gift awarded to Bordeaux in 1305

49
Q

Bordeaux

What is the soil of Graves? What are boulbenes?

A

Similar to the Medoc, but comes sandier towards the south

Mixture of sand, gravel and light clay in Medoc

50
Q

Bordeaux

What is Graves AOP?

A

Area south of the Medoc

Allows both red and white wines (25% of production)

51
Q

Bordeaux

When was Graves classified?

A

1953 for reds
1959 for whites
13 cru classe for reds, 9 for whites, 16 chateau in total
But Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion (red) produced its last vintage in 2005 and Chateau Laville Haut-Brion (white) produced its last vintage in 2008 - both supply fruit for red and white under label Chateau La Mission Haut Brion

52
Q

Bordeaux

What is Pessac-Leognan?

A

Sub AOP in nothern Graves
Created in 1987
Prestige appellation for both reds and whites of Graves

53
Q

Bordeaux

What are the sweet white appellations of Graves?

A

Graves Superieur AOP and its sub-appellations: Cerons, Barsac and Sauternes

54
Q

Bordeaux

What are the effects of Botrutis cinera?

A

Dehydrates them concentrating sugar, acid and glycol

Creates intense spiced complexity with hotes of honey, saffron, dried fruit and ginger

55
Q

Bordeaux

Why is Sauternes so special for dessert wine?

A

Conflux of the Ciron and the Garonne rivers, which produces a lot of humidity

56
Q

Bordeaux

When was Sauternes classified?

A

1855 with the Medoc

57
Q

Bordeaux

What are the levels of Sauternes classifications?

A

Premier Cru Superieur (Chateau d’Yquem - 12 tries vs a dozen)
1er Cru
2eme Cru

58
Q

Bordeaux

What are the five villages of Sauternes?

A 
Sauternes
Barsac (in either Sauternes or Barsac)
Fargues
Preignac
Bommes
59
Q

Bordeaux

What are the must levels and residual RS in Sauternes?

A

221 g/L and 45 g/L

60
Q

Bordeaux

Is Sauternes aged in oak?

A

Yes, with a moderate to high percentage of new oak.

61
Q

Bordeaux

What are the appellations of Graves?

A 
Graves AOP
Graves Superieur AOP
Pessac-Leognan AOP
Cerons AOP
Barsac AOP
Sauternes AOP
62
Q

Bordeaux

What is Chateau Gilette’s Creme de Tete?

A

Botrytised dessert wine aged for decades in concrete vats

63
Q

Bordeaux

What is St-Emilion AOP?

A

Right bank of the Dordogne River
Reds dominted by Merlot and Cab Franc
Soils divided into cotes (limestone slopes) and graves (gravelly limestone plateau)

64
Q

Bordeaux

What is the Classification of St-Emilion?

A

Classified in 1954, published in 1955
Revisions in 1969, 1985, 1996, 2006
Reviewed every decade by peer-reviewed tastings
2009 law reinstated 8 chateaux declassified in 2006

65
Q

Bordeaux

How many chateau are in each level of the Classifcation of St-Emilion?

A

1er Cru Classe A - 2
1er Cru Classe B - 13
Grand Cru Classe - 57

66
Q

Bordeaux

What are the 1er Cru Classe chateaux for St-Emilion?

A

Chateau Ausone

Chateau Cheval Blanc

67
Q

Bordeaux

What is St-Emilion Grand Cru AOP? What are its requirements?

A

Appellation, not a classification
Must have an additional .5% alcohol
Must undergo longer elevage
All Grand Cru Classe wines in St-Emilion must meet these requirements

68
Q

Bordeaux

What is Pomerol AOP?

A

Small right bank AOP, just 5 sq mi and 1930 acres of vineyards
Dominated by sand, clay gravel with a subsoil of iron pan and rich clay (crasse de fer)
Wines have a reputation of being hedonistic, opulent and plump

69
Q

Bordeaux

What are the best properties in Pomerol?

A 
Chateau Petrus
Vieux-Chateau-Certan
Chateau Lafleur
Chateau Le Pin
Chateau Trotanoy
70
Q

Bordeaux

What are the most famous of the garagiestes?

A

Le Pin in Pomerl

Valandraud and La Mondotte in St-Emilion

71
Q

Bordeaux

What are the satellite appellations of St-Emilion?

A

Lussac-St-Emilion AOP
Montagne-St-Emilion AOP
Puisseguin-St-Emilion AOP
St-Georges-St-Emilion AOP

72
Q

Bordeaux

What are Pomerol’s neighboring wine districts?

A

Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP
Fronsac AOP
Canon-Fronsac AOP

73
Q

Bordeaux

What are the AOPs of the right bank?

A 
St-Emilion AOP
Lussac-St-Emilion AOP
Montagne-St-Emilion AOP
Puisseguin-St-Emilion AOP
St-Georges-St-Emilion AOP
St-Emilion Grand Cru AOP
Pomerol AOP
Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP
Fronsac AOP
Canon-Fronsac AOP
74
Q

Bordeaux

Where are the oldest cultivated vineyards in Bordeaux?

75
Q

Bordeaux

What is Bourg AOP?

A

Limestone sloped small appellation on the right bank of the Gironde near where the Dordogne and the Garonne meet
Produces reds

76
Q

Bordeaux

What is Blaye AOP?

A

Located North of Bourg
Produces reds with a min 50% Cabernet Sauvignon
Cotes de Blaye includes a large percentage of Ugni blanc and Colombard in its dry whites

77
Q

Bordeaux

What is Cotes de Bordeaux AOP?

A

Created in 2008 to consolidate some appellations and simplify labeling language
Predominantly red
May list area of origin on the bottle

78
Q

Bordeaux

What is Entre-Deux-Mers AOP?

A

land between two seas, Produces dry whites only, May use geographical designation “Haut-Benauge” but must be dry in style

79
Q

Bordeaux

What are the sweet white appellations on the eastern shore of the Garrone?

A

Loupiac AOP
St-Croix-Du-Mont AOP
Cadillac AOP

80
Q

Bordeaux

What is Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux AOP?

A

Sweet white wines produced to the north of Cadillac AOP

81
Q

Bordeaux

What is Cotes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire AOP?

A

South of Loupiac

May produce whites in sec, molleux or liquereux styles

82
Q

Bordeaux

What is Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux AOP?

A

AOP close to Bergerac that releases both red and whites in sec, molleux or liquereux styles

83
Q

Bordeaux

What is Graves de Vayres AOP?

A

On the left bank of the Dordogne river, opposite of Libourne.
Produces dry reds and whites

84
Q

Bordeaux

What are the classic vintages for Bordeaux?

A 
2010
2009
2005
2000
1995
1990
1989
1986
1985
1982
1970
1966
1961
1945

Wine - Old World Regions (11 decks)

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