overview-of-the-lower-limb - part 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 main functions of the lower limb ?
- Support
- Locomotion
- Balance
The gluteal region is split into superifical and deep muscle groups - What are the superifical muscles of the gluteal region ?
Gluteus maximus, medius, minimus and tensor fascia latae
What is the function of the superficial muscle group of the gluteal region ?
Extensors, abductors and medial rotators
Describe the innervation of the superficial muscles of the gluteal region
All supplied by the superior glutel nerve except the gluteus maxmius which is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve
What are the muscles of the deep group of muscles in the gluteal region ?
Piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli and quadratus femoris
What is the function of the deep group of muscles in the gluteal region ?
Lateral rotators of the thigh and hip stabilisers
What is the nervous supply of the deep muscle group of the gluteal region ?
Nerves from the sacral plexus
Nerves enter/exit pelvis & perineum via greater and lesser sciatic foramen - which foramen is used as a passageway for structures into the pelvis and which is used for those into the perineum ?
- Greater sciatic foramen used for structures into the pelvis
- Lesser sciatic formen used for structures into the perineum
What is the nerve route values for the sciatic nerve, pudendal nerve and the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Sciatic - L4-S3
Pudendal - S2-S4
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh - S1-3
Describe where the sciatic nerve usually exits
Usually exits inferior to the piriformis and is usually the most lateral in the greater sciatic foramen
Describe the route of the sciatic nerve and where it supplies
Doesnt supply the gluteal region
Passes down the posterior thigh and branches into the tibial (larger and medial) and fibular nerves (smaller and lateral)
What is contained inside the femoral triangle ?
Think NAVY
- Femoral Nerve
- Femoral artery
- Femoral vein
- Lymphatics
What are the boundries of the femoral triangle ?
- Superior
- medially
- laterally
- floor
- roof
- Superior - Inguinal ligament
- Medially - Adductor longus
- Laterally - Sartorius
- Floor - Iliopsoas and pectineus
- Roof - Deep fascia
In the leg what separates it into compartments ?
Intramusclar septum
What is compartment syndrome and what is done to treat it ?
- Increased pressure caused by swelling of tissue or increase in fluid (bleeding)
- Affects functions of the muscles or nerves in the compartment
- Can be acute or chronic
Relieved by fasciotomy
What are the compartments of the thigh?
Anterior, medial and posterior
What are the compartments of the leg ?
Anterior, lateral and posterior
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh ?
Flexors:
- Iliopsoas (psoas major + iliacus)
- Pectineus
- Sartorius
- Rectus femoris
Extensors:
Quadriceps femoris - Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh
Femoral nerve L2-4
What are the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor magnus
- Gracilis
- Obturator externus
What are all the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh supplied by ?
All obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus & short and long head of Biceps femoris
What is the nervous supply of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
All tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg ?
- Tibialis anterior
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Extensor hallucis longus
- Fibularis tertius
Think FEET
What is the nervous supply of the anterior compartmeant of the leg ?
All deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg ?
- Fibularis longus
- Fibularis brevis
What is the nervous supply of the lateral compartment of the leg ?
All superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg ?
Posterior Compartment of Leg:
Superficial group: (plantarflexors of ankle)
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
- Plantaris
Deep group: (flexors of toes & plantarflexors of ankle)
- Popliteus,
- Flexor hallucis longus,
- Flexor digitorum longus,
- Tibialis posterior
What is the nervous supply of the posterior compartment of the leg ?
All tibial nerve
