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MSK week 1 > overview-of-the-lower-limb - part 1 > Flashcards

overview-of-the-lower-limb - part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the lower limb ?

A
  • Support
  • Locomotion
  • Balance
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2
Q

The gluteal region is split into superifical and deep muscle groups - What are the superifical muscles of the gluteal region ?

A

Gluteus maximus, medius, minimus and tensor fascia latae

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3
Q

What is the function of the superficial muscle group of the gluteal region ?

A

Extensors, abductors and medial rotators

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4
Q

Describe the innervation of the superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

All supplied by the superior glutel nerve except the gluteus maxmius which is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve

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5
Q

What are the muscles of the deep group of muscles in the gluteal region ?

A

Piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli and quadratus femoris

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6
Q

What is the function of the deep group of muscles in the gluteal region ?

A

Lateral rotators of the thigh and hip stabilisers

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7
Q

What is the nervous supply of the deep muscle group of the gluteal region ?

A

Nerves from the sacral plexus

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8
Q

Nerves enter/exit pelvis & perineum via greater and lesser sciatic foramen - which foramen is used as a passageway for structures into the pelvis and which is used for those into the perineum ?

A
  • Greater sciatic foramen used for structures into the pelvis
  • Lesser sciatic formen used for structures into the perineum
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9
Q

What is the nerve route values for the sciatic nerve, pudendal nerve and the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

A

Sciatic - L4-S3

Pudendal - S2-S4

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh - S1-3

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10
Q

Describe where the sciatic nerve usually exits

A

Usually exits inferior to the piriformis and is usually the most lateral in the greater sciatic foramen

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11
Q

Describe the route of the sciatic nerve and where it supplies

A

Doesnt supply the gluteal region

Passes down the posterior thigh and branches into the tibial (larger and medial) and fibular nerves (smaller and lateral)

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12
Q

What is contained inside the femoral triangle ?

A

Think NAVY

  • Femoral Nerve
  • Femoral artery
  • Femoral vein
  • Lymphatics
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13
Q

What are the boundries of the femoral triangle ?

  • Superior
  • medially
  • laterally
  • floor
  • roof
A
  • Superior - Inguinal ligament
  • Medially - Adductor longus
  • Laterally - Sartorius
  • Floor - Iliopsoas and pectineus
  • Roof - Deep fascia
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14
Q

In the leg what separates it into compartments ?

A

Intramusclar septum

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15
Q

What is compartment syndrome and what is done to treat it ?

A
  • Increased pressure caused by swelling of tissue or increase in fluid (bleeding)
  • Affects functions of the muscles or nerves in the compartment
  • Can be acute or chronic

Relieved by fasciotomy

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16
Q

What are the compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior, medial and posterior

17
Q

What are the compartments of the leg ?

A

Anterior, lateral and posterior

18
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh ?

A

Flexors:

  • Iliopsoas (psoas major + iliacus)
  • Pectineus
  • Sartorius
  • Rectus femoris

Extensors:

Quadriceps femoris - Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris

19
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

Femoral nerve L2-4

20
Q

What are the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

A
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor magnus
  • Gracilis
  • Obturator externus
21
Q

What are all the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh supplied by ?

A

All obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

22
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus & short and long head of Biceps femoris

23
Q

What is the nervous supply of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

All tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

24
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg ?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Fibularis tertius

Think FEET

25
Q

What is the nervous supply of the anterior compartmeant of the leg ?

A

All deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

26
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg ?

A
  • Fibularis longus
  • Fibularis brevis
27
Q

What is the nervous supply of the lateral compartment of the leg ?

A

All superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

28
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg ?

A

Posterior Compartment of Leg:

Superficial group: (plantarflexors of ankle)

  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris

Deep group: (flexors of toes & plantarflexors of ankle)

  • Popliteus,
  • Flexor hallucis longus,
  • Flexor digitorum longus,
  • Tibialis posterior
29
Q

What is the nervous supply of the posterior compartment of the leg ?

A

All tibial nerve

MSK week 1 (19 decks)

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