Microbiology - MSK infections 2 Flashcards
What are the signs/symptoms of acute osteomyelitis ?
- fever or chills
- malaise (discomfort)
- At the infection site, pain, limited range of motion, and redness, warmth or swelling.
What are the signs/symptoms of chronic osteomyelitis ?
- Chronic low-grade fever
- chronic localized pain
- A draining sinus tract that has been present for months or even years
sinus tract is a narrow opening or passageway underneath the skin that can extend in any direction through soft tissue and results in dead space with potential for abscess formation.
What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in general ?
Staph.aurues
What is the antibiotics given for acute osteomyelitis or septic arthritis ?
(hint it is the exact same regime)
IV Flucloxacillin
If penicillin allergic - clindamycin
What is the antibiotics given for chronic osteomyelitis ?
Oral flucloxacillin
If MRSA or penicillin allergy then doxycycline or co-trimoxazole
What is the treatment for MRSA osteomyelitis ?
IV Vancomycin
What is pyomyositis ?
Is a bacterial infection of the skeletal muscles which results in a pus-filled abscess.
What is tetanus and what is it caused by ?
- A serious but rare condition caused by bacteria getting into a wound.
- Clostridium tetani
What are the characteristic signs/symptoms of tetanus ?
- prodrome fever, lethargy, headache
- trismus (lockjaw)
- risus sardonicus
- opisthotonus (arched back, hyperextended neck)
- spasms (e.g. dysphagia)
What is the treatment of tetanus ?
- Surgical debridement.
- Supportive measures.
- IM human tetanus immunoglobulin for high-risk wounds (e.g. compound fractures, delayed surgical intervention, significant degree of devitalised tissue)
- metronidazole is now preferred to benzylpenicillin as the antibiotic of choice
- Booster vaccination……..toxoid.
