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MSK week 1 > Muscle Physiology 1 > Flashcards

Muscle Physiology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles in the body ?

A

Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles

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2
Q

Skeletal and cardiac muscle is striated and smooth muscle is unstriated - T/F?

A

True

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3
Q

What is the control over skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles

A
  • Skeletal muscle control is voluntary
  • Cardiac and smooth muscles control is involuntary
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4
Q

What are the physiological functions of skeletal muscle ?

A
  • Maintenance of posture
  • Purposeful movement in relation to external environment
  • Respiratory movements
  • Heat production
  • Contribution to whole body metabolism
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5
Q

What are skeletal muscles organised into and describe this

A

Oragnised into motor units -

The motor unit is a single alpha motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibres it innervates

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6
Q

What does the muscles per motor neurone depend on ?

A

Depends on the function served by that muscle - due to the fact that the fewer fibres supplied by a single motor neurone the more percise fine movements it can carry out

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7
Q

What are the different levels of organisation of muscles ?

A
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8
Q

What are some of the important differences between skeletal and cardiac muscles:

What intiated and propagates contraction

Excitation contraction coupling (whats the link between excitation and contraction)

Gradiation of contraction (what makes them stronger or weaker)

A
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9
Q

What does the pic show and what type of muscle are these present in ?

A

Neuromuscular junctions present in skeletal muscle

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10
Q

What does this pic show and what type of muscle are they present in ?

A

Gap junctions present in cardiac muscle

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11
Q

What is excitation contraction coupling ?

A

It is the process by which the surface AP results in activation of the contractile mechanism of the muscle fibre

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12
Q

Describe the steps of excitation contraction coupling in skeletal muscle

A
  1. Acetylcholine relased at neuromusclar junction
  2. AP generated in response which goes down T-tubules of muscle cells
  3. AP in T-tubules causes relase of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic recticulum
  4. Ca2+ binds to tropnin on actin filaments
  5. Tropomyosin is therefore physically moved aside to uncover cross-binding bridges on actin filament
  6. Myosin cross-bridges attach to actin and bend pulling actin filaments towards the centre of sarcomere (contraction)
  7. When no longer AP Ca2+ is taken back up in the sarcoplasmic recticulum
  8. Ca2+ no longer bound to troponin, tropomyosin slips back to original postition over binding sites on actin, contraction ends, actin slides back to original resting place
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13
Q

What is the neurotrasmitter at the neuromuscular junction in skeletal muscles ?

A

Acetylcholine

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14
Q

Appreciate this pic of T-tubules

A
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15
Q

What is ATP required for in terms of skeletal muscle contraction (excitiation-contraction coupling)

A

Required for pulling actin filaments towards the centre of the sarcomere

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16
Q

Describe the structure of muscles

A
  • Muscles are comprised of parallel muscles fibres
  • Each muscle fibre is made up of myofibrils
  • Myofibrils have alternating segments of actin and myosin fibres
17
Q

Match the appearance of myosin and actin:

  • Thin and lighter in appearance
  • Thick and darker in appearance
A
  • Thin and lighter in appearance - actin
  • Thick and darker in appearance - myosin
18
Q

What structure is actin and myosin arranged into?

A

Arranged into sarcomeres

19
Q

What is the functional unit of skeletal muscles and define what is meant by functional unit

A
  • Functional unit is the smallest component capable of performing all the functions of that organ
  • Sarcomere is the functional unit of skeletal muscles
20
Q

What is the sarcomere found between ?

A

Two Z-lines

21
Q

What are the 4 different zones of the sarcomere ?

A

Think HAMI

  • H - lighter area within middle of A band, where thin filaments don’t reach
  • A - Made up of thick filaments along with portions of thin filaments that overlap in both ends of thick filaments
  • M - extends vertically down middle of A band within centre of H zone
  • I - Consists of remaining portion of thin filaments that do not project in A-band
22
Q

Learn the zones of the sarcomere under the microscope

A
23
Q

What is ATP required for in terms of muscle movements ?

A

It is required for contraction and relaxation

24
Q

What is Ca2+ required for in terms of muscle movements ?

A

Required for cross-bridge formation

25
Q

Appreciate the relation of actin and mysoin filaments to each other

A

MSK week 1 (19 decks)

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