OVERVIEW OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Flashcards
this system protects the body against disease causing pathogens and toxic substances
IMMUNE SYSTEM
diseases-causing organisms or substances
PATHOGENS
these include bacteria, protozoans, fungi, worms, viruses
PATHOGENS
some of these can overcome the body’s internal defenses and compromise the immune system
pathogens and cancer cells
the instance that the immune system overreacts is called what
ALLERGY
the instance that the immune system overreacts AND attacks its own tissues is called what
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
refers to the ability of the body to destroy foreign or dangerous macromolecules
IMMUNITY
the study of internal defense systems of humans and other animals
IMMUNOLOGY
cells of the immune system communicate directly by means of what
CELL SIGNALING
TWO TYPES OF IMMUNITY or IMMUNE RESPONSE
INNATE IMMUNITY
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
this type of immunity provides immediate and broad protection against pathogens, parasites and even cancer cells
INNATE IMMUNITY
this type of immunity prevents pathogens from entering the body through the mouth, intestines, or other epithelial tissues
INNATE IMMUNITY
can skin be considered as a part of the immune system?
YES
these two are nonspecific defenses by the innate immune system that are used against bacteria that penetrate our outer defenses
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES and PHAGOCYTOSIS
this type of immunity has INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES and PHAGOCYTOSIS as nonspecific defenses
INNATE IMMUNITY
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY is also called what?
ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
this type of immunity is also called as ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
this type of immunity is a highly specific defense of the body against macromolecules
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
this type of immunity recognizes foreign molecules (ANTIGENS) and produces highly specific proteins (ANTIBODIES) to combat it
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY recognizes foreign molecules (________) and produces highly specific proteins (________) to combat it
ANTIGENS; ANTIBODIES
what is it called when the adaptive immune system remembers specific antigens causing it to respond more effectively if the body encounters the same molecules
IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY
this type of immunity makes use of our body’s IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
these organisms prevent infection through a tough EXOSKELETON or with MUCUS
INVERTEBRATES
the recognition of NONSELF depends on _____________ in the plasma membrane of its cells
PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS (PRR)
these recognize certain chemical compounds on the surface of bacteria and other microbes
PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS (PRR)
PRRs recognize certain chemical compounds called _________ on the surface of bacteria and other microbes, which stimulate our immune responses
PATHOGEN-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS (PAMPs)
what happens when PRRs on PHAGOCYTES bind with PAMPs?
innate immune responses such as inflammation are activated
this happens when the body recruits WBCs and plasma proteins from the blood to the site of an infection
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
these peptides inactivate or kill pathogens by punching holes in their plasma membranes or interfering with their cell walls
ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES (AMPs)
an example of these is DEFENSIN
ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES (AMPs)
receptors recognize pathogens and activate the _____________, producing antimicrobial proteins
signal transduction pathways
how are ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES (AMPs) produced during attack
receptors recognize pathogens and activate the signal transduction pathways
ECHINODERMS and TUNICATES have what
differentiated WBCs with limited functions
for these organisms, the INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE is used initially, before turning to the ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE
VERTEBRATES
this system found in vertebrates includes specialized white blood cells and clusters of cells such as the LYMPH NODES
THE LYMPATHIC SYSTEM
