INTRODUCTION TO CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS Flashcards
these require a continuous supply of nutrients, oxygen and removal of waste products
CELLS
in very small animals, materials are exchanged by what?
DIFFUSION
this provides a medium for diffusion of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes
fluid between the cells (INTERSTITIAL FLUID)
evolution of specialized circulatory systems allowed animals to increase in ____; reduced the distance needed for _______
SIZE; DIFFUSION
the human circulatory system (cardiovascular system) includes these three
heart,
blood vessels, and
blood
what kind of circulatory systems are present in sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, or nematodes
NO SPECIALIZED CIRCULATORY STRUCTURES
in _______, the central gastrovascular cavity is a circulatory and digestive organ
CNIDARIANS
in _______, its flattened body permits effective gas exchange by diffusion
FLATWORMS
in _______, fluid in their body cavities circulate materials
NEMATODES
_______ ANIMALS require a circulatory system to efficiently distribute materials
LARGER
a connective tissue consisting of cells and cell fragments dispersed in plasma
BLOOD
a circulatory system consists of three parts:`
BLOOD
a PUMPING ORGAN (generally a heart)
BLOOD VESSELS
TWO TYPES OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
CLOSE CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
this type of circulatory system has a heart that pumps blood into vessels with OPEN ENDS
OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
ARTHROPODS and most MOLLUSKS have what type of circulatory system?
OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
these fill large sinuses in open circulatory systems and is made up of BLOOD and INTERSTITIAL FLUID and are found in open circulatory systems
HEMOLYMPH
a cavity wherein blood is pumped in an open circulatory system
HEMOCOEL
openings wherein blood passes through to return to the heart in an open circulatory system
OSTIA
this type of circulatory system circulates blood through a CONTINUOUS circuit of blood vessels
CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
ANNELIDS, CEPHALOPOD MOLLUSKS and ECHINODERMS have what type of circulatory system?
CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
this type of circulatory system is where gases, nutrients and wastes diffuse between blood in the vessels and interstitial fluid that bathes the cells through the thin walls of capillaries
CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
these have a complete network of blood vessels but NO heart
PROBOSCIS WORMS
these have accessory “hearts” at the base of the gills to speed passage of blood
CEPHALOPOD MOLLUSKS
these have two main blood vessels; five pairs of contractile blood vessels (hearts)
ANNELIDS
ANNELIDS have ___ main blood vessels; ____ pairs of contractile blood vessels (hearts)
two; five
