Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Overview of the CNS > Flashcards

Overview of the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is present in the neural tube early in development?

A

3 visible swellings or vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are the 5 swellings present later in development created?

A

The first and third vesicles each subdivide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three primary vesicles?

A

Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the five secondary vesicles?

A 
Telencephalon = gives cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon = gives thalamus and hypothalamus Mesencephalon = gives midbrain 
Metencephalon = gives pons and cerebellum
Myelencephalon = gives medulla oblongata
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What secondary vesicles come from the division of the prosencephalon?

A

Telencephalon and diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What secondary vesicles come from the division of the rhombencephalon?

A

Metencephalon and myelencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What structures comprise the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of neurons?

A

Communicators = receive info chiefly via synapses, integrate info then transmit electrical impulses to another neuron/effector cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the structure of most neurons?

A

Multipolar with many dendrites and one axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are glial cells or neurons more common in the CNS?

A

Glial cells are more numerous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the types of glial cells found in the CNS?

A

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and ependymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some features of astrocytes?

A

Many numerous processes
Often star shaped
Roles in support, maintaining the BBB and environmental homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

Produce myelin in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the appearance of oligodendrocytes?

A

Numerous branches that extend to produce internodes of myelin around different axons
Round nucleus that stains moderately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are microglia?

A

Cells of similar lineage to macrophages = carry out immune monitoring and antigen presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the appearance of microglia in the resting state?

A

Elongated nucleus and a number of short spiny cell processes

17
Q

What is the appearance of microglia in the active state?

A

Become rounder and take on an appearance similar to a macrophage

18
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

Ciliated cuboidal or columnar epithelium that line the ventricles

19
Q

How can you differentiate fissures from sulci?

A

Fissures are deeper

20
Q

What is white matter?

A

Medullary centre = axons and their cell processes

21
Q

What is contained within grey matter?

A

Huge number of neurons, cell processes, synapses and support cells

22
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal and insular

23
Q

What are the relations of the frontal lobe?

A

Anterior to central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus

24
Q

What are the relations of the parietal lobe?

A

Posterior to the central sulcus
Superior to the lateral sulcus
Anterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the pre-occipital notch

25
Q

What are the relations of the occipital lobe?

A

Posterior to line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the pre-occipital notch

26
Q

What are the relations of the temporal lobe?

A

Inferior to the lateral sulcus

Posterior to line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the pre-occipital notch

27
Q

Where does the temporal lobe extend medially?

A

From temporal pole to a line between the pre-occipital notch and the anterior end of the calcarine sulcus

28
Q

What are some features of the insular lobe?

A

Normally hidden

Plays important role in patient’s experience of pain

29
Q

What are the meninges, from superficial to deep?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater

30
Q

Where is the enteric nervous system found?

A

In the digestive system from the oesophagus to the rectum

31
Q

How are the neurons arranged in the enteric nervous system?

A

Into two plexuses in the wall of the gut

32
Q

What are the two plexuses of the enteric nervous system?

A

Myenteric plexus = located between outer layers of smooth muscle
Submucosal plexus = located in submucosa

33
Q

What artery gives the majority of the blood supply to the brain?

A

Internal carotid artery

34
Q

How does blood drain from the brain?

A

Drains via system of dural venous sinuses

35
Q

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain into?

A

The internal jugular vein via the jugular foramen

36
Q

What is located in the calcarine sulcus?

A

Primary visual cortex

37
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

White matter structure connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres

Neurology (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions