Overview of the cardiovascular system Flashcards
State what the bulk flow system of the CVS can carry?
O2 and CO2 Nutrients Metabolites Hormones Heat
Why are the pumps in series?
To make sure output is equal
Why are most vascular beds in parallel?
all tissues get oxygenated blood
allows regional redirection of blood
What are the exceptions to the parallel vascular bed rule?
Hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
To the gut then to the liver
Straight to the liver
Which organ has the highest oxygen consumption?
Abdominal organs
Which organ has 20% cardiac output and O2 consumptiom?
skeletal muscle
What controls the resistance to each vascular bed?
Arterioles
They act as taps
Which factors in the flow = change is pressure/resistance equation redirects the flow of the blood and is controlled by radius
Resistance
Define the aorta
Elastic arteries = aorta
wide lumen, elastic wall
damp pressure variations
Define the arteries
Muscular arteries = other arteries
wide lumen, strong non-elastic wall
low resistance conduit
Define the arterioles
Resistance vessels = arterioles
narrow lumen, thick contractile wall
control resistance & therefore flow
allow regional redirection of blood
Define the capillaries
Exchange vessels = capillaries
narrow lumen, thin wall
Define venules and veins
Capacitance vessels = venules & veins
wide lumen, distensible wall
low resistance conduit, & reservoir
allows fractional distribution of blood between veins & rest of circulation (esp. heart)
Review the gross structure of the heart
septum myocardium atrium ventricle aorta vena cava pulmonary trunk pulmonary veins aortic valve pulmonary valve mitral valve tricuspid valve chordae tendinae papillary muscle
