Anatomy of CVS 2

Question 1

What does the anterior mediastinum contain?

Answer 1

Thymus, lymph nodes and fat

Question 2

Describe the contents of the posterior mediastinum

Answer 2

Oesophagus and vagus nerve
Azygous vein
Thoracic duct
Descending aorta
Splanchnic nerve

Question 3

Describe the main identification features of the right atrium

Answer 3

Openings for:
IVC, SVC, Coronary sinus

Interatrial septum

Fossa ovalis in ia septum

Musculi pectinati

Tricuspid valve

Question 4

Whats the fossa ovalis?

Answer 4

Oval fossa = fossa ovalis : before you were born it was open and known as foramen ovali. Lungs don’t work as they arent inflated yet so it allowed blood to go through the RV to the LA

Question 5

What are the main identification features of the right ventricle?

Answer 5

Tricuspid valve
3 valve cusps
Chordae tendineae
Papillary muscles x3

Trabeculae carneae (contractile fleshy struts)

Moderator band (Septomarginal trabeculum)

Opening for pulmonary trunk

Interventricular septum

Question 6

What are trabeculae carneae?

Answer 6

Contractile fleshy structs

prevent suction that would occur with a flat surface and thus impair the heart’s ability to pump efficiently. The papillary muscles themselves are just a specialised form of trabeculae carneae.

Question 7

What are the main left atrium identification features?

Answer 7

Openings for:
l + r superior pulmonary veins
l + r inferior pulmonary veins

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Smooth-walled, small chamber,
lying wholly postero-superiorly against
oesophagus.

Forms base of heart.

Question 8

What are the main identification features of left ventricle?

Answer 8

Biscuspid (mitral valve)
2 valve cusps
Chordae tendineae
Papillary muscles x2

Trabeculae carneae

Opening for aorta

Interventricular septum

Wall 3x as thick as right ventricular wall.

Forms apex of heart

Question 9

Does the IVC or SVC lie right or left to the aorta?

Answer 9

Right

Question 10

What arises from the aortic arch?

Answer 10

Subclavian

Question 11

When does the subclavian become axillary?

Answer 11

At the lateral border of the 1st rib

Question 12

When does axillary become brachial?

Answer 12

At inferior border of the teres major m.

Question 13

When does brachial divide into radial and ulnar?

Answer 13

In cubital fossa

Question 14

When do the radial and ulnar form the palmar arches?

Answer 14

in the palm of the hand which gives of digital aa

Question 15

Where does the cephalic travel?

Answer 15

Lateral side of a limb and it drains into axillary vein before the clavicle

Question 16

Where does the basilic travel?

Answer 16

Become continuous with brachial veins and it travels up limb on medial side

Question 17

What does the median cubital connect?

Answer 17

Cephalic and basilic across cubital fossa

Question 18

What does the ext iliac become in the anterior thigh?

Answer 18

Common femoral

Question 19

What does the common femoral give off?

Answer 19

Superficial and deep femoral aa

Question 20

When does the superficial femoral become popliteal?

Answer 20

In popliteal fossa

Question 21

What does the popliteal give off?

Answer 21

Anterior and posterior tibial in leg

Question 22

What does the posterior tibial give off?

Answer 22

fibular and continous medially down to the plantar surface of foot

Question 23

Where does the anterior tibial continue down to and what does it become?

Answer 23

Ant. tibial continues down anteriorly to dorsum of foot where it becomes dorsalis pedis between 1st & 2nd toes

Question 24

Where do the superficial veins arise from?

Answer 24

Dorsal arch of the foot

Question 25

Where do the long saphenous travel up from to drain where?

Answer 25

up the limb medially to drain into femoral

Question 26

Where does the short saphenous drain to?

Answer 26

Popliteal

Question 27

What does the popliteal become for the superficial veins of the lower limb?

Answer 27

Femoral proximally

Question 28

What does the femoral become for the superficial veins of the lower limb?

Answer 28

Exterior iliac proximally

Question 29

Where does the superficial vv drain to?

Answer 29

Deep vv

Question 30

What are the superficial arterial pulse points of the body?

Answer 30

View picture on slide 19

Question 31

Where does the right coronary artery comes form?

Answer 31

Arises from r. aortic sinus of asc. aorta

Question 32

Where does the right coronary artery run>

Answer 32

``` Runs in coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus At inferior margin of heart it gives off r. marginal a. On post surface of heart RCA gives off post. descending a. ```

Question 33

Where does the left coronary artery arise?

Answer 33

Arises from l. aortic sinus of asc. aorta

Question 34

Where does the left coronary artery run?

Answer 34

Runs in coronary sulcus | Divides almost immediately into l. ant. descending a. (in interventricular sulcus) and circumflex a.

Question 35

What are the two major sulci that contain the branches of the coronary arteries?

Answer 35

Coronary (Atrioventricular) sulcus - between atria + ventricles Interventricular sulcus - between r + l ventricles

Question 36

Where does the great cardiac vein lie?

Answer 36

Great cardiac vein lies alongside | ant interventricular a.

Question 37

Where does the middle cardiac vein lie?

Answer 37

Middle cardiac vein lies alongside post interventricular a.

Question 38

Where does small cardiac vein lie?

Answer 38

Small cardiac vein lies alongside r. marginal a.

Question 39

What do the nerves of the heart consist of?

Answer 39

Phrenic nerve - innervates the fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium. Carries pain sensation. Vagus nerve - innervates heart and visceral layer of serous pericardium. Sympathetic fibres - from the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia innervate heart and visceral layer of serous pericardium.