Anatomy of CVS 2 Flashcards
What does the anterior mediastinum contain?
Thymus, lymph nodes and fat
Describe the contents of the posterior mediastinum
Oesophagus and vagus nerve Azygous vein Thoracic duct Descending aorta Splanchnic nerve
Describe the main identification features of the right atrium
Openings for:
IVC, SVC, Coronary sinus
Interatrial septum
Fossa ovalis in ia septum
Musculi pectinati
Tricuspid valve
Whats the fossa ovalis?
Oval fossa = fossa ovalis : before you were born it was open and known as foramen ovali. Lungs don’t work as they arent inflated yet so it allowed blood to go through the RV to the LA
What are the main identification features of the right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
3 valve cusps
Chordae tendineae
Papillary muscles x3
Trabeculae carneae (contractile fleshy struts)
Moderator band (Septomarginal trabeculum)
Opening for pulmonary trunk
Interventricular septum
What are trabeculae carneae?
Contractile fleshy structs
prevent suction that would occur with a flat surface and thus impair the heart’s ability to pump efficiently. The papillary muscles themselves are just a specialised form of trabeculae carneae.
What are the main left atrium identification features?
Openings for:
l + r superior pulmonary veins
l + r inferior pulmonary veins
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Smooth-walled, small chamber,
lying wholly postero-superiorly against
oesophagus.
Forms base of heart.
What are the main identification features of left ventricle?
Biscuspid (mitral valve)
2 valve cusps
Chordae tendineae
Papillary muscles x2
Trabeculae carneae
Opening for aorta
Interventricular septum
Wall 3x as thick as right ventricular wall.
Forms apex of heart
Does the IVC or SVC lie right or left to the aorta?
Right
What arises from the aortic arch?
Subclavian
When does the subclavian become axillary?
At the lateral border of the 1st rib
When does axillary become brachial?
At inferior border of the teres major m.
When does brachial divide into radial and ulnar?
In cubital fossa
When do the radial and ulnar form the palmar arches?
in the palm of the hand which gives of digital aa
Where does the cephalic travel?
Lateral side of a limb and it drains into axillary vein before the clavicle
Where does the basilic travel?
Become continuous with brachial veins and it travels up limb on medial side
What does the median cubital connect?
Cephalic and basilic across cubital fossa
What does the ext iliac become in the anterior thigh?
Common femoral
What does the common femoral give off?
Superficial and deep femoral aa
When does the superficial femoral become popliteal?
In popliteal fossa
What does the popliteal give off?
Anterior and posterior tibial in leg
What does the posterior tibial give off?
fibular and continous medially down to the plantar surface of foot
Where does the anterior tibial continue down to and what does it become?
Ant. tibial continues down anteriorly to dorsum of foot where it becomes dorsalis pedis between 1st & 2nd toes
Where do the superficial veins arise from?
Dorsal arch of the foot
Where do the long saphenous travel up from to drain where?
up the limb medially to drain into femoral
Where does the short saphenous drain to?
Popliteal
What does the popliteal become for the superficial veins of the lower limb?
Femoral proximally
What does the femoral become for the superficial veins of the lower limb?
Exterior iliac proximally
Where does the superficial vv drain to?
Deep vv
What are the superficial arterial pulse points of the body?
View picture on slide 19
Where does the right coronary artery comes form?
Arises from r. aortic sinus of asc. aorta
Where does the right coronary artery run>
Runs in coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus
At inferior margin of heart it gives off
r. marginal a.
On post surface of heart RCA gives off
post. descending a.Where does the left coronary artery arise?
Arises from l. aortic sinus of asc. aorta
Where does the left coronary artery run?
Runs in coronary sulcus
Divides almost immediately into l. ant. descending a. (in interventricular sulcus) and circumflex a.
What are the two major sulci that contain the branches of the coronary arteries?
Coronary (Atrioventricular) sulcus - between atria + ventricles
Interventricular sulcus - between r + l ventricles
Where does the great cardiac vein lie?
Great cardiac vein lies alongside
ant interventricular a.
Where does the middle cardiac vein lie?
Middle cardiac vein lies alongside post interventricular a.
Where does small cardiac vein lie?
Small cardiac vein lies alongside r. marginal a.
What do the nerves of the heart consist of?
Phrenic nerve - innervates the fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium. Carries pain sensation.
Vagus nerve - innervates heart and visceral layer of serous pericardium.
Sympathetic fibres - from the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia innervate heart and visceral layer of serous pericardium.
