Anatomy CVS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of blood vessels in the terms of layers

A

Tunica externa, media and intima (from out to in)

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2
Q

What is the tunica intima made up from?

A

Epithelium, connective tissue and BM

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3
Q

What is the tunica externa made up from?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

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4
Q

WHat is the tunica media made up from?

A

Muscle and elastic tissue

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5
Q

Compare the diameter and thickness of the arteries with vein

include the media and adventita

A

Arteries smaller diameter than accompanying vein

Arteries thicker wall than accompanying vein

Arteries thick media thin adventitia

Veins thin media thick adventitia

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6
Q

Which vessel has the largest total cross sectional area?

A

Capillaries

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7
Q

Describe elastic arteries and give examples

A

Elastic – large conducting – eg: aorta, common carotid,

pulmonary

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8
Q

Describe the muscular arteries

A

Muscular – distributing arteries – eg: coronary arteries, radial, femoral

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9
Q

Describe the arterioles arteries

A

terminal branches which supply blood to capillary bed

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10
Q

Name the 3 different types of arteries?

A

Elastic, muscular and arterioles

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11
Q

Describe the histology of elastic arteries

A

Can see elastic fibres ( blue) that are wavy obscuring th emuscle in the T media
Doesnt have IEL and OEL

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12
Q

Describe the muscular arteries histology

A

Thick T media has smooth muscle cells
No elastic laminae between muscle cells in T. media

Has IEL and OEL

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13
Q

Where is the elastic lamina in muscular arteries?

A

Elastic fibres are concentrated in 2 well defined sheets called the internal elastic lamina (IEL) just under epithelium

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14
Q

Where do you see the external/outer elastic lamina in muscular arteries?

A

and the thin external/outer elastic lamina (OEL) between T.media & T. adventitia

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15
Q

Describe the histology behind arterioles

A

The smaller muscular arteries gradually change histologically to become arterioles

No IEL

Only 1-2 layers of smooth muscle in T. media

No T. adventitia

Has nerves around it to control the diameter

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16
Q

What can arterioles control and how?

A

Rich sympathetic nerve innervation

Control blood flow to capillary beds (local)

Control blood pressure (systemic)

17
Q

Describe the shape and histology of capillaries

A

Capillaries tiny and consist of single squamous epithelial cells turned initself

Therefore very thin walled
T. intima only – endothelium on BM
No T. media
No T. adventitia

Can have Pericytes

18
Q

What is Pericytes?

A

incomplete layer of cells surrounding basement membrane – have contractile properties which help control flow of blood in the capillaries.

19
Q

Is BP high or low in capillaries?

A

Average diameter – 4-15µ

Sum of diameters of all capillaries in body > diameter of aorta. Therefore blood pressure in capillaries is LOW!

20
Q

Describe the 3 types of capillary

A

Continuous - complete basal lamina
Fenestrated - compelte basal lamina and fenestrated endothelial lining
Discontinuous - fenestrated endothelial lining and incompelte basal lamina

21
Q

Describe the structure of continuous capillary and where it can be found

A

Can control what is exchanged
Material must pass through cell, or between cell (junctions can control)

Selective transport mechanisms

Eg. in muscle

22
Q

Describe the structure of fenestrated capillary and where it can be found

A

Have fenestrations (or pores)

Fenestrations up to 100μm

With or without protein diaphragms

Diaphragms filter molecules by MW &/or charge

Eg. endocrine glands, kidney renal corpuscle

23
Q

Describe the structure of discontinous capillary and where it can be found

A

Gaps between endothelial cells (and basement membrane)

Allow free passage of fluid and cells

Eg. liver, spleen, bone marrow

24
Q

What do the capillary bed and ateriovenous shunts allow? And give example

A

Bypasses capillary beds eg: skin for thermoregulation

25
Describe the structure of veins and its histology
``` Structure: T.intima is thin IEL and OEL thin or absent T.media v thin or absent T adventitia - collagenous tissue ``` Valves – to prevent back flow = endothelial projections into lumen
26
Whats the differene between superficial and deep veins
Differences most obvious in lower limb Superficial Thick walled No surrounding support Deep Thin walled Surrounding support from deep fascia and muscles
27
Describe the lympathic system and its function
Drains tissue fluid lost from blood capillaries
28
Where are the nodes found for the lymphatic system?
Nodes found alongside major veins and around origins of major arteries
29
Where specifically is the lympathic clinically important in?
Tumor cell metastases
30
Describe the histology and structure behind lymph capillaries?
Blind-ended capillaries Lined by very thin endothelium No fenestrations Absent / rudimentary basal lamina Lumen maintained at –ve hydrostatic pressure Anchoring filaments – fine collagenous filaments link endothelial cell to surrounding tissue keeping lumen open No red blood cells in lumen
31
Whats the main key difference between lymph capillaries vs venules?
Presence of blood cells - should have NO blood cells
32
What is the nerve supply of skin?
ONLY sympathetic
33
What is the nerve supply of the heart?
Sympathetic + parasympathetic