Overview of the Abs

Question 1

parts of abdominal wall

Answer 1

external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle, transversus abdominis muscle, rectus abdominis muscle

Question 2

external oblique muscle

Answer 2

most superficial layer, run at an angle from superior lateral to inferior medial

Question 3

internal oblique muscle

Answer 3

run superior medial to inferior lager, antagonist to the diaphragm by compressing it back (exhalation)

Question 4

transversus abdominis muscle

Answer 4

anterior and lateral layer of abdominal wall; deep to the internal oblique muscle

Question 5

rectus abdominis muscle

Answer 5

(abs) muscles that run straight up and down and subdivided by connective tissue

Question 6

in abdominal cavity

Answer 6

parietal peritoneum, mesentary, omenta, visceral peritoneum

Question 7

parietal peritoneum

Answer 7

lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities/body wall (shiny material on wall)

Question 8

mesentary

Answer 8

peritoneum extensions, double layer of parietal peritoneum which connects wall to organ

Question 9

omenta

Answer 9

double fold of peritoneum attached to stomach connecting to certain abdominal viscera (hang down like apron over gut)

Question 10

visceral peritoneum

Answer 10

covers the external surfaces of most abdominal organs including the intestinal tract

Question 11

MOST abdominal cavities are…

Answer 11

intrapepitoneal

Question 12

intrapepitoneal

Answer 12

contained within peritoneal cavity, invested in a layer of visceral peritoneal (ex. liver, spleen, most intestines)

Question 13

SOME abdominal cavities are…

Answer 13

Retroperitoneal

Question 14

retroperitoneal

Answer 14

outside of peritoneal cavity, covered in their deep surface by parietal peritoneum; to dissect these organs, parietal peritoneum must be pulled off abdominal wall (ex. kidneys, parts of duodenum and colon)

Question 15

Liver functions

Answer 15

detoxification of blood, production of digestive enzymes (turn unneeded things into useful digestive products)

Question 16

how blood carries oxygen, nutrients, and other substances (hormones) to target organs

Answer 16

deoxygenated blood (nutrients)> heart> oxygenated blood (nutrients)> digestive tract (absorbed through intestines> partially deoxygenated blood (nutrients etc.)> liver (to get bad out)

Question 17

inferior vena cava

Answer 17

tightly intertwined with liver

Question 18

gall bladder

Answer 18

contains digestive enzymes (vagus nerves: parasympathetic)

Question 19

hilum

Answer 19

(contains common bile duct, hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery); big tubes heading in and out

Question 20

hepatic artery

Answer 20

branches off aorta to supply oxygenated blood to liver and other structures

Question 21

hepatic vein

Answer 21

transport deoxygenated blood and filtered blood to the inferior vena cava

Question 22

common bile duct

Answer 22

carry bile from gall bladder to empty in small intestine

Question 23

stomach

Answer 23

swelling of digestive tract (under laps liver)

Question 24

esophagus

Answer 24

passes through diaphragm

Question 25

rugae

Answer 25

folds in stomach wall

Question 26

pyloric sphincter

Answer 26

let’s good pass to go to intestines

Question 27

lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 27

let’s food go down to stomach, closes so food doesn’t go back up

Question 28

parts of small intestines

Answer 28

duodenum, jejunum, ileum, iliocecal junction

Question 29

duodenum

Answer 29

first part of intestines immediately beyond stomach, leads to jejunum

Question 30

jejunum

Answer 30

part of the small intestines between duodenum and ileum (bunch up at top left)

Question 31

ileum

Answer 31

final part of small intestines between jejunum and cecum (pouch connecting to junction of small and large intestines) (bunch at bottom right)

Question 32

iliocecal junction

Answer 32

small intestine ends to open into cecal portion of large intestines

Question 33

parts of the large intestines (colon)

Answer 33

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum

Question 34

ascending

Answer 34

first main part, passed upward from cecum on right side of abdomen

Question 35

transverse

Answer 35

middle part, passed from right to left

Question 36

descending

Answer 36

part that passes downward on left side of abdomen towards the rectum

Question 37

sigmoid

Answer 37

S-shaped at bottom, last part, leads into rectum

Question 38

rectum

Answer 38

final section of large intestines, terminates at anus

Question 39

pancreas

Answer 39

large gland behind stomach, secretes digestive enzymes to duodenum (blood sugar regulation and digestive enzymes)

Question 40

spleen

Answer 40

takes out bad blood cells; opens in sponge like way

Question 41

kidneys

Answer 41

composed of waste and extra fluid; located below rib cage on sides of spine (we have 2)

Question 42

adrenal gland

Answer 42

endocrine glands that produce varieties of adrenaline and steroids

Question 43

appendix

Answer 43

tube shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestines