OV of Thorax & Resp

Question 1

thorax

Answer 1

blinded by the rib cage and diaphragm, subdivided into 3 cavities

Question 2

3 cavities of thorax

Answer 2

2 pulmonary, and mediastinum

Question 3

2 pulmonary cavities

Answer 3

contain lungs, lined by pleura

Question 4

mediastinum

Answer 4

contains heart in pericardial sac, also vessels, nerves, etc; found medially to pulmonary cavities

Question 5

structures that pass through the thorax

Answer 5

anything going from head to neck (vicversa) esophagus

Question 6

thoracic walls

Answer 6

add structure and support; ribs and costal cartilage (and sternum and vertebrae) intercostal muscles

Question 7

intercostal muscles

Answer 7

1 muscle between each rib (costal=ribs)

Question 8

diaphragm

Answer 8

separates abdominal and thoracic cavities; done shaped towards the bottom of rib cage

Question 9

thoracic ventral rami=

Answer 9

intercostal nerves (motor&sensory)

Question 10

anterior thoracic wall

Answer 10

ribs, parietal pleura, cut edge of diaphragm

Question 11

pulmonary cavity

Answer 11

what lungs sit in

Question 12

right lung has ____ lobes

Answer 12

3 lobes

Question 13

left lung has ___ lobes

Answer 13

2 lobes

Question 14

pleura

Answer 14

connective tissue surrounding the lungs

Question 15

parietal pleura

Answer 15

the outer layer (tough); intervated by somatic nn (always in contact with rib cage)

Question 16

visceral pleura

Answer 16

adheres to the organ; intervated by autonomic nn (cant feel much in lungs bc autonomic)

Question 17

intercostal nerves

Answer 17

found between ribs, arise from anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves and digestive tract; T1-T11 (somatic)

Question 18

vagus nerves

Answer 18

(parasympathetic) spread around esophagus, keep branching out to reach structures and bring out normal function; 10th cranial nerves

Question 19

mediastinum

Answer 19

central compartment of the thoracic cavity surrounded by loose connective tissue

Question 20

pericardium

Answer 20

tough connective tissue bad which contains the heart; 2 layers a serous layer and fibrous layer

Question 21

phrenic nerves

Answer 21

C3, C4, C5, keep a man alive; go to diaphragm (control breathing) somatic

Question 22

great vessels

Answer 22

superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary trunk

Question 23

arteries

Answer 23

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (red)

Question 24

veins

Answer 24

carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart (blue)

Question 25

respiration

Answer 25

draws in new air (respiration and circulation are separate but intertwined functions)

Question 26

capillary bed

Answer 26

tiny branching blood vessels that network between arterial and venule

Question 27

diaphragm

Answer 27

dome shaped; attached to lungs by synovial fluid

Question 28

inspiration/inhalation

Answer 28

dome flattens and sits lower down when air comes in; chest expands

Question 29

expiration/exhalation

Answer 29

dome pushes up and chest flattens as air gets pushed out

Question 30

intercostal muscles working with diaphragm

Answer 30

the deeper we breathe, the more help we need from these muscles; intervated by intercostal nerves

Question 31

trachea

Answer 31

rings of cartilage hold it open (trunk)

Question 32

trachea splits into the...

Answer 32

right and left primary bronchus

Question 33

right primary bronchus

Answer 33

splits into superior, middle, and inferior (secondary/lobar bronchi), then into segmental bronchi, and finally alveoli

Question 34

left primary bronchus

Answer 34

splits into inferior and superior (secondary/lobar bronchi), then into segmental bronchi, and finally alveoli

Question 35

alveoli

Answer 35

lined with very thin epithelium (slimy substance instead of cartilage); allows for rapid gaseous exchange

Question 36

pulmonary arteries and veins

Answer 36

pumps blood to and from lungs (arteries: heart to lungs, veins: lungs to heart)

Question 37

CLINICAL: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Answer 37

caused by the wall of bleb (small sacks of air in lung tissue) which causes your lungs to lose surface area; due to this lungs try to expand to get more oxygen which pushes down your heart and diaphragm

Question 38

CLINICAL: Collapsed Lung

Answer 38

huge difference in pressure due to fluid or air in parietal or visceral plura of lung because the seal broke