OVERVIEW OF DIABETES

Question 1

An increase of plasma glucose levels

Answer 1

Hyperglycemia

Question 2

In healthy patients, during an hyperglycemic episode, it is normal that the beta cells of the pancreatic Langerhans cells ________ in the body.

Answer 2

increase the levels of Insulin

Question 3

disorder in the secretion/response to INSULIN

Answer 3

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 4

disorder in the secretion/response to VASOPRESSIN/ANTI-DIURETIC HORMONE

Answer 4

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 5

a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.

Answer 5

DIABETES MELLITUS

Question 6

Diabetes Mellitus or DM is sub-categorized into two classifications:

Answer 6

Type 1-DM (Insulin Dependent)

Type 2-DM (Non-Insulin Dependent)

Question 7

Insulin Dependent

Answer 7

Type 1-DM

Question 8

Non-Insulin Dependent

Answer 8

Type 2-DM

Question 9

characterized by inappropriate hyperglycemia primarily as a result of pancreatic B-cell destruction and a tendency to ketoacidosis.

Answer 9

Type 1-DM (Insulin Dependent)

Question 10

usually, B-cells are destroyed as a result of cell-mediated autoimmune destruction.

Answer 10

Type 1-DM (Insulin Dependent)

Question 11

Rare, usually comprises 10% to 20% of the cases

Childhood onset

Answer 11

Type 1-DM (Insulin Dependent)

Question 12

usually initiated by an environmental factor or infection (usually a virus) to an individual with a genetic predisposition and causes the destruction of the B-cells of the pancreas.

Answer 12

Type 1-DM (Insulin Dependent)

Question 13

Characterized by:
Abrupt/Early Onset		- Mental Confusion
Insulin Dependent		- Loss of Consciousness
-Ketosis: Possible
-Polydipsia 
-Polyphagia 
-Polyuria
-Rapid Weight Loss 
-Hyperventilation

Answer 13

Type 1-DM (Insulin Dependent)

Question 14

characterized by hyperglycemia as a result of an individual’s resistance to insulin with an insulin secretory defect.

Answer 14

Type 2-DM (Non- Insulin Dependent)

Question 15

this resistance result in a relative, not absolute, insulin deficiency

Answer 15

Type 2-DM (Non- Insulin Dependent)

Question 16

Constitutes majority of the cases

Answer 16

Type 2-DM (Non- Insulin Dependent)

Question 17

Characterized by:
Adult Onset
- Mental Confusion
Increased Weight		- Loss of Consciousness
- Ketosis: Seldom
-Hyperosmolar Coma
-Polyphagia 
-Polyuria

Answer 17

Type 2-DM (Non- Insulin Dependent)

Question 18

RANDOM Plasma Glucose

Answer 18

≥200mg/dL (≥11.1mmol/L)

Question 19

Fasting Plasma Glucose

Answer 19

≥126mg/dL (≥7.0 mmol/L)

Question 20

Two-hour Plasma Glucose during OGTT

Answer 20

≥200mg/dL (≥11.1mmol/L)

Question 21

HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin)

Answer 21

≥6.4%

Question 22

FBS of ≥100mg/dL to <126mg/dL

Answer 22

impaired fasting glucose group

Question 23

2H-OGTT of ≥140mg/dL to <200mg/dL

Answer 23

impaired glucose tolerance

Question 24

for long-term monitoring of Blood Glucose

Answer 24

HbA1c

Question 25

Hyperglycemia during pregnancy

Glucose intolerance during pregnancy

Due to metabolic and hormonal changes

Answer 25

Gestational Diabetes